This paper analyzes the spectral efficiency as a function of medium access control (MAC) for large random spreading CDMA random access systems that employ a linear receiver. It is shown that located at higher than the physical layer, MAC along with spreading and power allocation can effectively perform spectral efficiency maximization and near-far mitigation.
Recently, new spreading sequences have been proposed to increase the capacity of users. In particular, the Weyl spreading sequences have the larger capacity of users than the Gold codes. This paper shows that the Weyl spreading sequences appear in a bit recovering model and they are orthogonal basis vectors. This result shows the reason why they have the large capacity and that any spreading sequence is expressed as the sum of the Weyl spreading sequences.
Sparse Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), a variation on the standard CDMA method in which the spreading (signature) matrix contains only a relatively small number of non-zero elements, is presented and analysed using methods of statistical physics. The analysis provides results on the performance of maximum likelihood decoding for sparse spreading codes in the large system limit. We present results for both cases of regular and irregular spreading matrices for the binary additive white Gaussian noise channel (BIAWGN) with a comparison to the canonical (dense) random spreading code.
Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) is an important index for wireless communications. There are many methods for increasing SNR. In CDMA systems, spreading sequences are used. To increase SNR, we have to improve spreading sequences. In classical approaches, the expression of SNR is not differentiable in terms of the parameter of the spreading sequences even in no fading situations. Thus, we express it as the differentiable form and construct the non-linear programing for maximizing SNR. In particular, we solve the problem of maximizing SNR numerically by obtaining spreading sequences whose SNR is gua…
We analyze a MIMO DS-CDMA channel with a general multiuser detector including a nonlinear multiuser detector, using the replica method. In the many-user, limit the MIMO DS-CDMA channel with the multiuser detector is decoupled into a bank of single-user SIMO Gaussian channels if a spatial spreading scheme is employed. On the other hand, it is decoupled into a bank of single-user MIMO Gaussian channels if a spatial spreading scheme is not employed. The spectral efficiency of the MIMO DS-CDMA channel with the spatial spreading scheme is comparable with that of the MIMO DS-CDMA channel using an op…
Traditionally paired with impulsive communications, Time-Hopping CDMA (TH-CDMA) is a multiple access technique that separates users in time by coding their transmissions into pulses occupying a subset of $N_\mathsf{s}$ chips out of the total $N$ included in a symbol period, in contrast with traditional Direct-Sequence CDMA (DS-CDMA) where $N_\mathsf{s}=N$. This work analyzes TH-CDMA with random spreading, by determining whether peculiar theoretical limits are identifiable, with both optimal and sub-optimal receiver structures, in particular in the archetypal case of sparse spreading, that is, …
The effect of different spreading codes in DWT based MC-CDMA wireless communication system is investigated. In this paper, we present the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of different spreading codes (Walsh-Hadamard code, Orthogonal gold code and Golay complementary sequences) using Forward Error Correction (FEC) of the proposed system. The data is analyzed and is compared among different spreading codes in both coded and uncoded cases. It is found via computer simulation that the performance of the proposed coded system is much better than that of the uncoded system irrespective of the spread…
This paper shows an optimal spreading sequence in the Weyl sequence class, which is similar to the set of the Oppermann sequences for asynchronous CDMA systems. Sequences in Weyl sequence class have the desired property that the order of cross-correlation is low. Therefore, sequences in the Weyl sequence class are expected to minimize the inter-symbol interference. We evaluate the upper bound of cross-correlation and odd cross-correlation of spreading sequences in the Weyl sequence class and construct the optimization problem: minimize the upper bound of the absolute values of cross-correlatio…
Totally asynchronous code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems are addressed. In Part I, the fundamental limits of asynchronous CDMA systems are analyzed in terms of spectral efficiency and SINR at the output of the optimum linear detector. The focus of Part II is the design of low-complexity implementations of linear multiuser detectors in systems with many users that admit a multistage representation, e.g. reduced rank multistage Wiener filters, polynomial expansion detectors, weighted linear parallel interference cancellers. The effects of excess bandwidth, chip-pulse shaping, and time d…
Reed-Muller codes are studied for peak power control in multicarrier code-division multiple access (MC-CDMA) communication systems. In a coded MC-CDMA system, the information data multiplexed from users is encoded by a Reed-Muller subcode and the codeword is fully-loaded to Walsh-Hadamard spreading sequences. The polynomial representation of a coded MC-CDMA signal is established for theoretical analysis of the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). The Reed-Muller subcodes are defined in a recursive way by the Boolean functions providing the transmitted MC-CDMA signals with the bounded PAPR as we…
We consider asynchronous CDMA systems in no-fading environments with a particular focus on a certain user. This certain user is called a desired user in this paper. In such a situation, an optimal sequence, maximum Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) and the maximum capacity for a desired user are derived with other spreading sequences being given and fixed. In addition, the maximum SINR and the optimal sequence for a desired user are written in terms of the minimum eigenvalue and the corresponding eigenvector of a matrix, respectively. Since it is not straightforward to obtain an e…
Sparsely spread code division multiple access (SCDMA) is a non-orthogonal superposition coding scheme that permits a base station simultaneously communicates with multiple users over a common channel. The detection performance of an SCDMA system is mainly determined by its signature matrix, which should be sparse to guarantee large Euclidean distance for the equivalent signal constellation after spreading and superposition. Good signature matrices that perform well under both belief prorogation and the maximum likelihood detections are designed. The proposed design applies to several similar w…
Since Tse and Verdu proved that the global maximum likelihood (GML) detector achieves unit asymptotic multiuser efficiency (AME) in the limit of large random spreading (LRS) CDMA, no suboptimal detector has been found to achieve unit AME. In this letter, we obtain that the WSLAS detector with a linear per-bit complexity achieves unit AME in the LRS-CDMA with a channel load < 1/2 - 1/(4ln2) bits/s/Hz. For a practical system with any user number, a quasi LRS-CDMA is then proposed to approach the single-user performance in the high SNR regime.
We extend the result by Tse and Verdú on the optimum asymptotic multiuser efficiency of randomly spread CDMA with Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) input. Random Gaussian and random binary antipodal spreading are considered. We obtain the optimum asymptotic multiuser efficiency of a $K$-user system with spreading gain $N$ when $K$ and $N\rightarrow\infty$ and the loading factor, $\frac{K}{N}$, grows logarithmically with $K$ under some conditions. It is shown that the optimum detector in a Gaussian randomly spread CDMA system has a performance close to the single user system at high Signal to No…
The issue of non-cooperative transceiver optimization in the uplink of a multiuser wireless code division multiple access data network with widely-linear detection at the receiver is considered. While previous work in this area has focused on a simple real signal model, in this paper a baseband complex representation of the data is used, so as to properly take into account the I and Q components of the received signal. For the case in which the received signal is improper, a widely-linear reception structure, processing separately the data and their complex conjugates, is considered. Several n…
We consider multiple access communication on a binary input additive white Gaussian noise channel using randomly spread code division. For a general class of symmetric distributions for spreading coefficients, in the limit of a large number of users, we prove an upper bound on the capacity, which matches a formula that Tanaka obtained by using the replica method. We also show concentration of various relevant quantities including mutual information, capacity and free energy. The mathematical methods are quite general and allow us to discuss extensions to other multiuser scenarios.
Spectral efficiency for asynchronous code division multiple access (CDMA) with random spreading is calculated in the large system limit allowing for arbitrary chip waveforms and frequency-flat fading. Signal to interference and noise ratios (SINRs) for suboptimal receivers, such as the linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) detectors, are derived. The approach is general and optionally allows even for statistics obtained by under-sampling the received signal. All performance measures are given as a function of the chip waveform and the delay distribution of the users in the large system limit…
A unified approach to energy-efficient power control is proposed for code-division multiple access (CDMA) networks. The approach is applicable to a large family of multiuser receivers including the matched filter, the decorrelator, the linear minimum mean-square error (MMSE) receiver, and the (nonlinear) optimal detectors. It exploits the linear relationship that has been shown to exist between the transmit power and the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) in the large-system limit. It is shown that, for this family of receivers, when users seek to selfishly maximize their own…
The paper deals with orthogonal space-time block coded MC-CDMA systems in outdoor realistic downlink scenarios with up to two transmit and receive antennas. Assuming no channel state information at the transmitter, we compare several linear single-user detection and spreading schemes, with or without channel coding, achieving a spectral efficiency of 1-2 bits/s/Hz. The different results obtained demonstrate that spatial diversity significantly improves the performance of MC-CDMA systems, and allows different chip-mapping without notably decreasing performance. Moreover, the global system exhib…
Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) is an important index for wireless communications. In CDMA systems, spreading sequences are utilized. This series of papers show the method to derive spreading sequences as the solutions of non-linear programming: maximize SNR. In this paper, we derive the optimization problems with the expression SNR derived in Part I and the necessary conditions for the global solutions. We numerically solve the problems and evaluate the solutions with two factors, mean-square correlations and maximum mean-square correlations.
Asymptotic spectral distribution (ASD) of the crosscorrelation matrix is investigated for a random spreading short/long-code asynchronous direct sequence-code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) system. The discrete-time decision statistics are obtained as the output samples of a bank of symbol matched filters of all users. The crosscorrelation matrix is studied when the number of symbols transmitted by each user tends to infinity. Two levels of asynchronism are considered. One is symbol-asynchronous but chip-synchronous, and the other is chip-asynchronous. The existence of a nonrandom ASD is p…
This paper studies a two-tier CDMA system in which the microcell base is converted into a data access point (DAP), i.e., a limited-range base station that provides high-speed access to one user at a time. The microcell (or DAP) user operates on the same frequency as the macrocell users and has the same chip rate. However, it adapts its spreading factor, and thus its data rate, in accordance with interference conditions. By contrast, the macrocell serves multiple simultaneous data users, each with the same fixed rate. The achieveable throughput for individual microcell users is examined and a s…
Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) is an important index for wireless communications. There are many methods for increasing SNR. In CDMA systems, spreading sequences are used. We consider the frequency-selective wide-sense-stationary uncorrelated-scattering (WSSUS) channel and evaluate the worst case of SNR. We construct the non-linear programing for maximizing the lower bound of the average of SNR. This problem becomes the convex programming if we did not take into account the norm constraint. We derive necessary conditions for optimal spreading sequences for the problem.
In this paper we introduce a new class of codes for over-loaded synchronous wireless CDMA systems which increases the number of users for a fixed number of chips without introducing any errors. In addition these codes support active user detection. We derive an upper bound on the number of users with a fixed spreading factor. Also we propose an ML decoder for a subclass of these codes that is computationally implementable. Although for our simulations we consider a scenario that is worse than what occurs in practice, simulation results indicate that this coding/decoding scheme is robust agains…
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is the most promising candidate for wideband data access. This is due to the advantage of soft limit on the number of active mobile devices. Many wireless mesh systems impose an upper bound on the BER performance which restricts the increase in number of mobile users. Capacity is further reduced in Multipath Fading Environment (MFE). This paper presents an effective method of improving the capacity of a CDMA based mesh network by managing the transmitted powers of the mobile devices and using MMSE based Multiuser Detection (MUD). The proposed scheme improve…
In Fixed Wireless Applications (FWA), the Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is the most promising candidate for wideband data access. The reason is the soft limit on the number of active mobile devices. Many Fixed Wireless Applications impose an upper bound on the BER performance which restricts the increase in number of mobile users. The number of active mobile users or Capacity is further reduced in Multipath Fading Environment (MFE). This paper presents an effective method of improving the capacity of CDMA based Fixed Wireless Networks by using a hybrid power control algorithm. The propo…
We consider the CDMA (code-division multiple-access) multi-user detection problem for binary signals and additive white gaussian noise. We propose a spreading sequences scheme based on random sparse signatures, and a detection algorithm based on belief propagation (BP) with linear time complexity. In the new scheme, each user conveys its power onto a finite number of chips l, in the large system limit. We analyze the performances of BP detection and prove that they coincide with the ones of optimal (symbol MAP) detection in the l->\infty limit. In the same limit, we prove that the information …
There is a growing interest in the transition from 4-step random access to 2-step random access in machine-type communication (MTC), since 2-step random access is well-suited to short message delivery in various Internet of Things (IoT) applications. In this paper, we study a 2-step random access approach that uses code division multiple access (CDMA) to form multiple channels for data packet transmissions with a spreading factor less than the number of channels. As a result, the length of data transmission phase in 2-step random access can be shorter at the cost of multiuser interference. To …
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is a channel access method, based on spread-spectrum technology, used by various radio technologies world-wide. In general, CDMA is used as an access method in many mobile standards such as CDMA2000 and WCDMA. We address the problem of blind multiuser equalization in the wideband CDMA system, in the noisy multipath propagation environment. Herein, we propose three new blind receiver schemes, which are based on state space structures and Independent Component Analysis (ICA). These blind state-space receivers (BSSR) do not require knowledge of the propagation…
The everlasting bandwidth limitations in wireless communication networks has directed the researchers' thrust toward analyzing the prospect of overloaded Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). In this paper, we have proposed a Genetic Algorithm in search of optimum signature matrices for binary-input synchronous CDMA. The main measure of optimality considered in this paper, is the per-user channel capacity of the overall multiple access system. Our resulting matrices differ from the renowned Welch Bound Equality (WBE) codes, regarding the fact that our attention is specifically aimed at binary,…
Communications in dispersive direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) channels suffer from intersymbol and multiple-access interference, which can significantly impair performance. Joint maximum \textit{a posteriori} probability (MAP) equalization and multiuser detection with error control decoding can be used to mitigate this interference and to achieve the optimal bit error rate. Unfortunately, such optimal detection typically requires prohibitive computational complexity. This problem is addressed in this paper through the development of a reduced state trellis search detecti…
A new analysis is presented for the direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA) cellular uplink. For a given network topology, closed-form expressions are found for the outage probability and rate of each uplink in the presence of path-dependent Nakagami fading and shadowing. The topology may be arbitrary or modeled by a random spatial distribution with a fixed number of base stations and mobiles placed over a finite area. The analysis is more detailed and accurate than existing ones and facilitates the resolution of network design issues including the influence of the minimum base…
In this paper, we consider high-speed wireless packet access using code division multiple access (CDMA) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO). Current wireless standards, such as high speed packet access (HSPA), have adopted multi-code transmission and hybrid-automatic repeat request (ARQ) as major technologies for delivering high data rates. The key technique in hybrid-ARQ, is that erroneous data packets are kept in the receiver to detect/decode retransmitted ones. This strategy is refereed to as packet combining. In CDMA MIMO-based wireless packet access, multi-code transmission suffers …
A new analysis is presented for the direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA) cellular uplink. For a given network topology, closed-form expressions are found for the outage probability and rate of each uplink in the presence of path-dependent Nakagami fading and log-normal shadowing. The topology may be arbitrary or modeled by a random spatial distribution for a fixed number of base stations and mobiles placed over a finite area with the separations among them constrained to exceed a minimum distance. The analysis is more detailed and accurate than existing ones and facilitates …
Balancing efficiency of bandwidth use and complexity of detection involves choosing a suitable load for a multi-access channel. In the case of synchronous CDMA, with random codes, it is possible to demonstrate the existence of a threshold in the load beyond which there is an apparent jump in computational complexity. At small load unit clause propagation can determine a jointly optimal detection of sources on a noiseless channel, but fails at high load. Analysis provides insight into the difference between the standard dense random codes and sparse codes, and the limitations of optimal detecti…
The central issue in direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) ad hoc networks is the prevention of a near-far problem. This paper considers two types of guard zones that may be used to control the near-far problem: a fundamental exclusion zone and an additional CSMA guard zone that may be established by the carrier-sense multiple-access (CSMA) protocol. In the exclusion zone, no mobiles are physically present, modeling the minimum physical separation among mobiles that is always present in actual networks. Potentially interfering mobiles beyond a transmitting mobile's exclusion …
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) in which the spreading code assignment to users contains a random element has recently become a cornerstone of CDMA research. The random element in the construction is particular attractive as it provides robustness and flexibility in utilising multi-access channels, whilst not making significant sacrifices in terms of transmission power. Random codes are generated from some ensemble, here we consider the possibility of combining two standard paradigms, sparsely and densely spread codes, in a single composite code ensemble. The composite code analysis inclu…
This paper studies the performance of a wireless data network using energy-efficient power control techniques when different multiple access schemes, namely direct-sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) and impulse-radio ultrawideband (IR-UWB), are considered. Due to the large bandwidth of the system, the multipath channel is assumed to be frequency-selective. By making use of noncooperative game-theoretic models and large-system analysis tools, explicit expressions for the achieved utilities at the Nash equilibrium are derived in terms of the network parameters. A measure of the los…
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) in which the signature code assignment to users contains a random element has recently become a cornerstone of CDMA research. The random element in the construction is particularly attractive in that it provides robustness and flexibility in application, whilst not making significant sacrifices in terms of multiuser efficiency. We present results for sparse random codes of two types, with and without modulation. Simple microscopic consideration on system samples would suggest differences in the phase space of the two models, but we demonstrate that the ther…
Multicarrier code-division multiple-access (MC-CDMA) combines an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation and a code-division multiple-access (CDMA) scheme to exploits the benefits of both the technologies. The high peak-to-mean envelope power ratio (PMEPR) is a considerable problem in MC-CDMA system. However, the problem can be addressed by utilizing complete complementary codes (CCCs) in MC-CDMA system. But the set size upper bound of CCC does not allow the system to support large number of users for a given number of subcarriers in the system. In a CCC and Z-complementar…
An approach by which to analyze the performance of the code division multiple access (CDMA) scheme, which is a core technology used in modern wireless communication systems, is provided. The approach characterizes the objective system by the eigenvalue spectrum of a cross-correlation matrix composed of signature sequences used in CDMA communication, which enables us to handle a wider class of CDMA systems beyond the basic model reported by Tanaka. The utility of the novel scheme is shown by analyzing a system in which the generation of signature sequences is designed for enhancing the orthogon…
This paper deals with fading and/or near-far effects with or without power control on the evaluation of the sum capacity of finite dimensional Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems for binary and finite nonbinary inputs and signature matrices. Important results of this paper are that the knowledge of the received power variations due to input power differences, fading and/or near-far effects can significantly improve the sum capacity. Also traditional power controls can not improve the sum capacity; for the asymptotic case, any type of power control on the near-far effects is equivalent…
This paper studies randomly spread code-division multiple access (CDMA) and multiuser detection in the large-system limit using the replica method developed in statistical physics. Arbitrary input distributions and flat fading are considered. A generic multiuser detector in the form of the posterior mean estimator is applied before single-user decoding. The generic detector can be particularized to the matched filter, decorrelator, linear MMSE detector, the jointly or the individually optimal detector, and others. It is found that the detection output for each user, although in general asympto…
A game-theoretic analysis is used to study the effects of receiver choice and transmit power on the energy efficiency of multi-hop networks in which the nodes communicate using Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA). A Nash equilibrium of the game in which the network nodes can choose their receivers as well as their transmit powers to maximize the total number of bits they transmit per unit of energy spent (including both transmit and operating energy) is derived. The energy efficiencies resulting from the use of different linear multiuser receivers in this context are compar…
A constant-amplitude code is a code that reduces the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in multicode code-division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems to the favorable value 1. In this paper quaternary constant-amplitude codes (codes over Z_4) of length 2^m with error-correction capabilities are studied. These codes exist for every positive integer m, while binary constant-amplitude codes cannot exist if m is odd. Every word of such a code corresponds to a function from the binary m-tuples to Z_4 having the bent property, i.e., its Fourier transform has magnitudes 2^{m/2}. Several constructions …
A game-theoretic analysis is used to study the effects of receiver choice on the energy efficiency of multi-hop networks in which the nodes communicate using Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA). A Nash equilibrium of the game in which the network nodes can choose their receivers as well as their transmit powers to maximize the total number of bits they transmit per unit of energy is derived. The energy efficiencies resulting from the use of different linear multiuser receivers in this context are compared, looking at both the non-cooperative game and the Pareto optimal solu…
The direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA) cellular downlink is modeled by a constrained random spatial model involving a fixed number of base stations placed over a finite area with a minimum separation. The analysis is driven by a new closed-form expression for the conditional outage probability at each mobile, where the conditioning is with respect to the network realization. The analysis features a flexible channel model, accounting for path loss, Nakagami fading, and shadowing. By generating many random networks and applying a given resource allocation policy, the distrib…
The central issue in direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) ad hoc networks is the prevention of a near-far problem. This paper considers two types of guard zones that may be used to control the near-far problem: a fundamental exclusion zone and an additional CSMA guard zone that may be established by the carrier-sense multiple-access (CSMA) protocol. In the exclusion zone, no mobiles are physically present, modeling the minimum physical separation among mobiles that is always present in actual networks. Potentially interfering mobiles beyond a transmitting mobile's exclusion …
Reliable estimation of users' channels and data in rapidly time varying fading environments is a very challenging task of multiuser detection (MUD) techniques that promise impressive capacity gains for interference limited systems such as non-orthogonal CDMA and spatial multiplexing MIMO based LTE. This paper analyzes relative channel estimation error performances of conventional single user and multiuser receivers for an uplink of DS-CDMA and shows their impact on output signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) performances. Mean squared error (MSE) of channel estimation and achievable s…
Compressive random access (CRA) is a random access scheme that has been considered for massive machine-type communication (MTC) with non-orthogonal spreading sequences, where the notion of compressive sensing (CS) is used for low-complexity detectors by exploiting the sparse device activity. In this paper, we study the application of power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to CRA in order to improve the performance of CRA (or increase the number of devices to be supported). We consider Gaussian spreading sequences and derive design criteria through a large-system analysis to determi…
This paper is focused on the cross-layer design problem of joint multiuser detection and power control for energy-efficiency optimization in a wireless data network through a game-theoretic approach. Building on work of Meshkati, et al., wherein the tools of game-theory are used in order to achieve energy-efficiency in a simple synchronous code division multiple access system, system asynchronism, the use of bandlimited chip-pulses, and the multipath distortion induced by the wireless channel are explicitly incorporated into the analysis. Several non-cooperative games are proposed wherein user…
The performance of grant-free random access (GF-RA) is limited by the number of accessible random access resources (RRs) due to the absence of collision resolution. Compressive sensing (CS)-based RA schemes scale up the RRs at the expense of increased non-orthogonality among transmitted signals. This paper presents the design of multi-sequence spreading random access (MSRA) which employs multiple spreading sequences to spread the different symbols of a user as opposed to the conventional schemes in which a user employs the same spreading sequence for each symbol. We show that MSRA provides cod…
Finite field spreading scheme is proposed for a synchronous multiple-access channel with Gaussian noise and equal-power users. For each user, $s$ information bits are spread \emph{jointly} into a length-$sL$ vector by $L$ multiplications on GF($2^s$). Thus, each information bit is dispersed into $sL$ transmitted symbols, and the finite field despreading (FF-DES) of each bit can take advantage of $sL$ independent receiving observations. To show the performance gain of joint spreading quantitatively, an extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) function analysis of the FF-DES is given. It shows that…
This paper is focused on the design and analysis of power control procedures for the uplink of multipath code-division-multiple-access (CDMA) channels based on the large system analysis (LSA). Using the tools of LSA, a new decentralized power control algorithm aimed at energy efficiency maximization and requiring very little prior information on the interference background is proposed; moreover, it is also shown that LSA can be used to predict with good accuracy the performance and operational conditions of a large network operating at the equilibrium over a multipath channel, i.e. the power, …
As a special case of sparse code multiple access (SCMA), low-density signatures based code-division multiple access (LDS-CDMA) was widely believed to have worse error rate performance compared to SCMA. With the aid of Eisenstein numbers, we present a novel class of LDS which can achieve error rate performances comparable to that of SCMA in Rayleigh fading channels and better performances in Gaussian channels. This is achieved by designing power-imbalanced LDS such that variation of user powers can be seen both in every chip window and the entire sequence window. As LDS-CDMA is more flexible in…
In this paper, we propose a new polar coding scheme for the unsourced, uncoordinated Gaussian random access channel. Our scheme is based on sparse spreading, treat interference as noise and successive interference cancellation (SIC). On the transmitters side, each user randomly picks a code-length and a transmit power from multiple choices according to some probability distribution to encode its message, and an interleaver to spread its encoded codeword bits across the entire transmission block. The encoding configuration of each user is transmitted by compressive sensing, similar to some prev…
This article presents a novel transmission scheme for the unsourced, uncoordinated Gaussian multiple access problem. The proposed scheme leverages notions from single-user coding, random spreading, minimum-mean squared error (MMSE) estimation, and successive interference cancellation. Specifically, every message is split into two parts: the first fragment serves as the argument to an injective function that determines which spreading sequence should be employed, whereas the second component of the message is encoded using a polar code. The latter coded bits are then spread using the sequence d…
Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is an emerging technology for massive connectivity in machine-type communications (MTC). In code-domain NOMA, non-orthogonal spreading sequences are uniquely assigned to all devices, where active ones attempt a grant-free access to a system. In this paper, we study a set of user-specific, non-orthogonal, binary spreading sequences for uplink grant-free NOMA. Based on Golay complementary sequences, each spreading sequence provides the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of at most 3 dB for multicarrier transmission. Exploiting the theoretical connection to R…
Multicarrier-low density spreading multiple access (MC-LDSMA) is a promising multiple access technique that enables near optimum multiuser detection. In MC-LDSMA, each user's symbol spread on a small set of subcarriers, and each subcarrier is shared by multiple users. The unique structure of MC-LDSMA makes the radio resource allocation more challenging comparing to some well-known multiple access techniques. In this paper, we study the radio resource allocation for single-cell MC-LDSMA system. Firstly, we consider the single-user case, and derive the optimal power allocation and subcarriers pa…
