Martin Karel, Haisheng Li
This is a continuation of a previous study of quantum vertex algebras of Zamolodchikov-Faddeev type. In this paper, we focus our attention on the special case associated to diagonal unitary rational quantum Yang-Baxter operators. We prove that the associated weak quantum vertex algebras, if not zero, are irreducible quantum vertex algebras with a normal basis in a certain sense.
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We show that a suitable coset algebra, constructed in terms of an extension of the Zamolodchikov-Faddeev algebra, is homomorphic to the Reflection-Transmission algebra, as it appears in the study of integrable systems with impurity.
We construct a $q$-boson representation of the Zamolodchikov-Faddeev algebra whose structure function is given by the stochastic $R$ matrix of $U_q(A^{(1)}_n)$ introduced recently. The representation involves quantum dilogarithm type infinite products in the $n(n-1)/2$-fold tensor product of $q$-bosons. It leads to a matrix product formula of the stationary probabilities in the $U_q(A_n^{(1)})$-zero range process on a one-dimensional periodic lattice.
We show how equivariant volumes of tensor product quiver varieties of type A are given by matrix elements of vertex operators of centrally extended doubles of Yangians, and how they satisfy in some cases the rational, level 1, quantum Knizhnik--Zamolodchikov equation.
We construct special solutions of the quantum Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation on the tensor product of the vector representation of the quantum algebra of type A_{N-1}. They are constructed from non-symmetric Macdonald polynomials through the action of the affine Hecke algebra. As a special case the matrix element of the vertex operators of level one is reproduced.
We propose a new method to compute connection matrices of quantum Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations associated to integrable vertex models with super algebra and Hecke algebra symmetries. The scheme relies on decomposing the underlying spin representation of the affine Hecke algebra in principal series modules and invoking the known solution of the connection problem for quantum affine Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations associated to principal series modules. We apply the method to the spin representation underlying the $\mathcal{U}_q\bigl(\hat{\mathfrak{gl}}(2|1)\bigr)$ Perk-Schultz model. We sh…
We give a survey on the developments in a certain theory of quantum vertex algebras, including a conceptual construction of quantum vertex algebras and their modules and a connection of double Yangians and Zamolodchikov-Faddeev algebras with quantum vertex algebras.
We consider commutation relations and invertibility relations of vertex operators for the quantum affine superalgebra $U_q(\widehat{sl}(M|N))$ by using bosonization. We show that vertex operators give a representation of the graded Zamolodchikov-Faddeev algebra by direct computation.Invertibility relations of type-II vertex operators for $N>M$ are very similar to those of type-I for $M>N$.
We write the integral formula of Tarasov-Varchenko type for the solutions to the quantum Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov associated with a tensor product the of vector representations of sl_n. We consider the case where the deformation parameter q satisfies |q|=1. We use the bosonization of the type II vertex operators in order to find the hypergeometric pairing in this setting.
Inspired by factorized scattering from delta-type impurities in (1+1)-dimensional space-time, we propose and analyse a generalization of the Zamolodchikov-Faddeev algebra. Distinguished elements of the new algebra, called reflection and transmission generators, encode the particle-impurity interactions. We describe in detail the underlying algebraic structure. The relative Fock representations are explicitly constructed and a general factorized scattering theory is developed in this framework.
Two different types of centrally extended quantum reflection algebras are introduced. Realizations in terms of the elements of the central extension of the Yang-Baxter algebra are exhibited. A coaction map is identified. For the special case of $U_q(\hat{sl_2})$, a realization in terms of elements satisfying the Zamolodchikov-Faddeev algebra - a `boundary' analog of Miki's formula - is also proposed, providing a free field realization of $O_q(\hat{sl_2})$ (q-Onsager) currents.
We establish the exact solution of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation with a delta-function impurity, representing a point-like defect which reflects and transmits. We solve the problem both at the classical and the second quantized levels. In the quantum case the Zamolodchikov-Faddeev algebra, familiar from the case without impurities, is substituted by the recently discovered reflection-transmission (RT) algebra, which captures both particle-particle and particle-impurity interactions. The off-shell quantum solution is expressed in terms of the generators of the RT algebra and the exact scat…
We consider a version of the non-linear Schrödinger equation with M bosons and N fermions. We first solve the classical and quantum versions of this equation, using a super-Zamolodchikov-Faddeev (ZF) algebra. Then we prove that the hierarchy associated to this model admits a super-Yangian Y(gl(M|N)) symmetry. We exhibit the corresponding (classical and quantum) Lax pairs. Finally, we construct explicitly the super-Yangian generators, in terms of the canonical fields on the one hand, and in terms of the ZF algebra generators on the other hand. The latter construction uses the well-bred operator…
We study parafermion vertex algebras $N_{-3/2}(\frak{sl}(2))$ and $N_{-3/2}(\frak{sl}(3))$. Using the isomorphism between $N_{-3/2}(\frak{sl}(3))$ and the logarithmic vertex algebra $\mathcal{W}^{0} (2)_{A_2} $ from [2], we show that these parafermion vertex algebras are infinite direct sums of irreducible modules for the Zamolodchikov algebra $\mathcal{W}(2,3)$ of central charge $c=-10$, and that $N_{-3/2}(\frak{sl}(3))$ is a direct sum of irreducible $N_{-3/2}(\frak{sl}(2))$-modules. As a byproduct, we prove certain conjectures about the vertex algebra $\mathcal{W}^0(p)_{A_2}$. We also obtai…
We give an abstract construction, based on the Belavin-Polyakov-Zamolodchikov equations, of a family of vertex operator algebras of rank $26$ associated to the modified regular representations of the Virasoro algebra. The vertex operators are obtained from the tensor products of intertwining operators for a pair of Virasoro algebras. We explicitly determine the structure coefficients that yield the axioms of VOAs. In the process of our construction, we obtain new hypergeometric identities.
We present a realisation of the universal/simple Bershadsky--Polyakov vertex algebras as subalgebras of the tensor product of the universal/simple Zamolodchikov vertex algebras and an isotropic lattice vertex algebra. This generalises the realisation of the universal/simple affine vertex algebras associated to $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ and $\mathfrak{osp}(1|2)$ given in arXiv:1711.11342. Relaxed highest-weight modules are likewise constructed, conditions for their irreducibility are established, and their characters are explicitly computed, generalising the character formulae of arXiv:1803.01989.
$q$-vertex operators for quantum affine algebras have played important role in the theory of solvable lattice models and the quantum Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation. Explicit constructions of these vertex operators for most level one modules are known for classical types except for type $C_n^{(1)}$, where the level -1/2 have been constructed. In this paper we survey these results for the quantum affine algebras of types $A_n^{(1)}, B_n^{(1)}, C_n^{(1)}$ and $D_n^{(1)}$.
We show that normalized quantum K-theoretic vertex functions for cotangent bundles of partial flag varieties are the eigenfunctions of quantum trigonometric Ruijsenaars-Schneider (tRS) Hamiltonians. Using recently observed relations between quantum Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov (qKZ) equations and tRS integrable system we derive a nontrivial identity for vertex functions with relative insertions.
Intersecting defects in gauge theory, quantum spin chains, and Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations
本文研究四维 N=2 SU(N) 规范理论中两个相交半 BPS 表面缺陷的关联函数，揭示其分数量子 T-Q 关系、\widehat{sl}_N 共形块及 XXX_{sl_2} 自旋链解释。
The representation theory of the Drinfeld doubles of dihedral groups is used to solve the Yang-Baxter equation. Use of the 2-dimensional representations recovers the six-vertex model solution. Solutions in arbitrary dimensions, which are viewed as descendants of the six-vertex model case, are then obtained using tensor product graph methods which were originally formulated for quantum algebras. Connections with the Fateev-Zamolodchikov model are discussed.
We find sufficient conditions for the construction of vertex algebraic intertwining operators, among generalized Verma modules for an affine Lie algebra $\hat{\mathfrak{g}}$, from $\mathfrak{g}$-module homomorphisms. When $\mathfrak{g}=\mathfrak{sl}_2$, these results extend previous joint work with J. Yang, but the method used here is different. Here, we construct intertwining operators by solving Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations for three-point correlation functions associated to $\hat{\mathfrak{g}}$, and we identify obstructions to the construction arising from the possible non-existence of …
We study the vertex operators $Φ(z)$ associated with standard quantum groups. The element $Z = RR^{t}$ is a "Casimir operator" for quantized Kac-Moody algebras and the quantum Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov (q-KZ) equation is interpreted as the statement $:ZΦ(z): = Φ(z)$. We study the covariance of the q-KZ equation under twisting, first within the category of Hopf algebras, and then in the wider context of quasi Hopf algebras. We obtain the intertwining operators associated with the elliptic R-matrix and calculate the two-point correlation function for the eight-vertex model.
This is a sequel to \cite{li-qva}. In this paper, we focus on the construction of quantum vertex algebras over $\C$, whose notion was formulated in \cite{li-qva} with Etingof and Kazhdan's notion of quantum vertex operator algebra (over $\C[[h]]$) as one of the main motivations. As one of the main steps in constructing quantum vertex algebras, we prove that every countable-dimensional nonlocal (namely noncommutative) vertex algebra over $\C$, which either is irreducible or has a basis of PBW type, is nondegenerate in the sense of Etingof and Kazhdan. Using this result, we establish the nondege…
Let $G$ be a simple complex Lie group with Lie algebra $\mf g$ and let $\af$ be the affine Lie algebra. We use intertwining operators and Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations to construct a family of $\N$-graded vertex operator algebras associated to $\mf g$. They are $\af \oplus \af$-modules of dual levels $k, \bar k \notin \Q$ in the sense that $k + \bar k = -2 h^\vee$ where $h^\vee$ is the dual Coxeter number of $\mf g$. Its conformal weight 0 component is the algebra of regular functions on $G$. This family of vertex operator algebras were previously studied by Arkhipov-Gaitsgory and Gorbounov…
The Bershadsky-Polyakov algebras are the original examples of nonregular W-algebras, obtained from the affine vertex operator algebras associated with $\mathfrak{sl}_3$ by quantum hamiltonian reduction. In [arXiv:2007.03917], we explored the representation theories of the simple quotients of these algebras when the level $\mathsf{k}$ is nondegenerate-admissible. Here, we combine these explorations with Adamović's inverse quantum hamiltonian reduction functors to study the modular properties of Bershadsky-Polyakov characters and deduce the associated Grothendieck fusion rules. The results are n…
A strange five vertex model and multispecies ASEP on a ring
本文通过引入具有奇特权守恒的量子振子加权五顶点模型，研究了一维周期格子上多物种ASEP的稳态构造，阐明了多项已知结果的关联并细化了其推导。
Cherednik attached to an affine Hecke algebra module a compatible system of difference equations, called quantum affine Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov (KZ) equations. In case of a principal series module we construct a basis of power series solutions of the quantum affine KZ equations. Relating the bases for different asymptotic sectors gives rise to a Weyl group cocycle, which we compute explicitly in terms of theta functions. For the spin representation of the affine Hecke algebra of type C the quantum affine KZ equations become the boundary qKZ equations associated to the Heisenberg spin-1/2 XXZ ch…
This paper is a continuation of "Quantization of Lie bialgebras, III" (q-alg/9610030, revised version). In QLB-III, we introduced the Hopf algebra F(R)_\z associated to a quantum R-matrix R(z) with a spectral parameter, and a set of points \z=(z_1,...,z_n). This algebra is generated by entries of a matrix power series T_i(u), i=1,...,n,subject to Faddeev-Reshetikhin-Takhtajan type commutation relations, and is a quantization of the group GL_N[[t]]. In this paper we consider the quotient F_0(R)_\z of F(R)_\z by the relations \qdet_R(T_i)=1, where \qdet_R is the quantum determinant associated to…
Graphical calculus for quantum vertex operators, II: q-KZB and coordinate Macdonald-Ruijsenaars equations
本文扩展量子顶点算子图形演算至参数化空间，实现动态扭函子的图形化，并用其直观推导通用多点加权迹函数的差分方程（含对偶q-KZB、对偶MR及对偶坐标MR方程）及非对偶版本。
We construct special solutions to the rational quantum Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation associated with the Lie algebra $gl_N$. The main ingredient is a special class of the shifted non-symmetric Jack polynomials. It may be regarded as a shifted version of the singular polynomials studied by Dunkl. We prove that our solutions contain those obtained as a scaling limit of matrix elements of the vertex operators of level one.
Tetrahedron equation and quantum cluster algebras
本文发展了Sun和Yagi提出的量子簇代数方法研究四面体方程，在方形箭图情形下利用q-Weyl代数实现量子Y变量，得到含三个谱参数的解，并在特定选择下精确再现Sergeev的R矩阵。
Attached to a vector space V is a vertex algebra S(V) known as the beta-gamma system or algebra of chiral differential operators on V. It is analogous to the Weyl algebra D(V), and is related to D(V) via the Zhu functor. If G is a connected Lie group with Lie algebra g, and V is a linear G-representation, there is an action of the corresponding affine algebra on S(V). The invariant space S(V)^{g[t]} is a commutant subalgebra of S(V), and plays the role of the classical invariant ring D(V)^G. When G is an abelian Lie group acting diagonally on V, we find a finite set of generators for S(V)^{g[t…
First-order deformations of freely generated vertex algebras
本文通过计算第二上同调$H^2_{1/2}(V, V)$，解决了任意由正权齐次元素自由生成的权限制顶点代数的一阶形变分类问题，并显式确定了多种通用VOA的一阶形变。
We consider the spin $k/2$ XXZ model in the antiferomagnetic regime using the free field realization of the quantum affine algebra $\uqa$ of level $k$. We give a free field realization of the type II $q$-vertex operator, which describes creation and annihilation of physical particles in the model. By taking a trace of the type I and the type II $q$-vertex operators over the irreducible highest weight representation of $\uqa$, we also derive an integral formula for form factors in this model. Investigating the structure of poles, we obtain a residue formula for form factors, which is a lattice …
This short paper being devoted to some aspects of the inverse problem of the representation theory treats several themes, which have their origins in the researches of F.A.Berezin, D.P.Zhelobenko, V.P.Maslov and his group, in context of the author's approach to the setting free of hidden symmetries, which is based on the noncommutative geometry. Relations of the discussed topics to the general ideologies of the translator algebras in representation theory and of the dynamical symmetries or the spectrum--generating algebras in mathematical physics are pointed out. A possibility of quantum field…
We describe the general strategy for lifting the Wess-Zumino-Witten model from the level of one-loop Kac-Moody $U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{g}})_k$ to generic quantum toroidal algebras. A nearly exhaustive presentation is given for the two series $U_{q,t}(\widehat{\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}}_1)$ and $U_{q,t}(\widehat{\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}}_n)$, when screenings do not exist and thus all the correlators are purely algebraic, i.e. do not include additional hypergeometric type integrations/summations. Generalizing the construction of the intertwiner (refined topological vertex) of the Ding-Iohara-Miki (…
The Zamolodchikov $\mathcal{W}_3$-algebra $\mathcal{W}^c_3$ with central charge $c$ has full automorphism group $\mathbb{Z}_2$. It was conjectured in the physics literature over 20 years ago that the orbifold $(\mathcal{W}^c_3)^{\mathbb{Z}_2}$ is of type $\mathcal{W}(2,6,8,10,12)$ for generic values of $c$. We prove this conjecture for all $c \neq \frac{559 \pm 7 \sqrt{76657}}{95}$, and we show that for these two values, the orbifold is of type $\mathcal{W}(2,6,8,10,12,14)$. This paper is part of a larger program of studying orbifolds and cosets of vertex algebras that depend continuously on a…
It is well known that using the weight lattice of type $E_6$, $P$, and the lattice construction for vertex operator algebras one can obtain all three level 1 irreducible $\tilde{g}$-modules with $V_P = V^{\Lamba_0} \oplus V^{\Lamba_1} \oplus V^{\Lamba_6}$. The Dynkin diagram of type $E_6$ has an order 2 automorphism, $τ$, which can be lifted to $\tilde{τ}$, a Lie algebra automorphism of $\tilde{g}$ of type $E_6^(1)$. The fixed points of $\tilde{τ}$ are a subalgebra $\tilde{a}$ of type $F_4^(1)$. The automorphism $τ$ lifts further to $\hat{τ}$ a vertex operator algebra automorphism of $V_P$. We…
A new realization of quantum algebras in gauge theory and Ramification in the Langlands program
本文通过超对称Higgs机制在规范理论中实现量子代数表示，证明其蕴含几何Langlands纲领中的温和分歧，并联系涡旋顶点函数与超对称指标，为相关猜想提供新途径。
Unitary coboundary weak quasi-Hopf algebras in the Kazhdan-Lusztig-Finkelberg theorem
本文针对Wess-Zumino-Witten模型，通过构造一种新意义上的弱Hopf C*-代数并赋予其作为量子规范群的余边界对称性，直接证明了量子群在单位根处与仿射李代数在正整数水平上的辫子融合范畴的Kazhdan-Lusztig-Finkelberg等价，解决了Huang提出的开放问题，并统一构造了仿射顶点算子代数模范畴的酉刚性辫子张量结构。
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