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arXiv 0711.4629cond-mat.softcond-mat.stat-mech
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软材料中的有效相互作用

Effective Interactions in Soft Materials

Alan R. Denton

摘要:

软材料,例如胶体悬浮液、聚合物溶液和生物系统,通常是大分子和较简单组分(例如,微离子、单体、溶剂),其可以组装成跨越宽长度和时间尺度的复杂结构。软物质的许多特征,例如,机械脆弱性、对外部影响的敏感性以及可调的热和光学特性是微观和介观成分混合而成的。大分子和微观组分之间的尺寸和电荷的大不对称性通常使得在物理上显著的长度和时间尺度上的所有自由度的明确建模变得不切实际。然而,复杂性通常可以通过预平均(粗粒化)一些微观组件的自由度来降低,从而将真实系统映射到更简单的模型上,该模型的组件更少,但由有效的粒子间相互作用控制。本章回顾了软材料中有效相互作用的统计力学基础,并讨论了带电胶体、聚电解质和胶体-聚合物混合物的示例性应用

英文摘要:

Soft materials, such as colloidal suspensions, polymer solutions, and biological systems, are typically multicomponent mixtures of macromolecules and simpler components (e.g., microions, monomers, solvent) that can assemble into complex structures spanning broad length and time scales. Many characteristic traits of soft matter, e.g., mechanical fragility, sensitivity to external influence, and tunable thermal and optical properties, emerge from a mingling of microscopic and mesoscopic constituents. Large asymmetries in size and charge between macromolecules and microscopic components often make impractical the explicit modeling of all degrees of freedom over physically significant length and time scales. The complexity often can be reduced, however, by pre-averaging (coarse-graining) the degrees of freedom of some microscopic components, thus mapping the real system onto a simpler model of fewer components, but governed by effective interparticle interactions. This chapter reviews the statistical mechanical foundations of effective interactions in soft materials and discusses illustrative applications to charged colloids, polyelectrolytes, and colloid-polymer mixtures

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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