涂层隐身：薄而硬的涂层如何有效地隐藏柔软的基底？
Cloaking by coating: How effectively does a thin, stiff coating hide a soft substrate?
摘要：
从人体组织到水果，许多柔软的材料都被一层薄薄的硬材料覆盖。虽然这种涂层的主要作用通常是保护较软的材料，但薄而硬的涂层对复合材料的机械性能也有重要影响，使其看起来比底层材料硬得多。我们研究这种隐形效果的涂层的压痕测试，测量的复合固体的“坚定性”的特定情况下：我们使用的理论和实验相结合，定量表征坚定性。我们发现，压头的大小起着关键作用，在确定的有效性的伪装：小压头感觉到的混合物的涂层和基板的材料特性，而大压头的感觉主要是未经掺杂的基板。
英文摘要：
From human tissue to fruits, many soft materials are coated by a thin layer of a stiffer material. While the primary role of such a coating is often to protect the softer material, the thin, stiff coating also has an important effect on the mechanical behaviour of the composite material, making it appear significantly stiffer than the underlying material. We study this cloaking effect of a coating for the particular case of indentation tests, which measure the `firmness' of the composite solid: we use a combination of theory and experiment to characterize the firmness quantitatively. We find that the indenter size plays a key role in determining the effectiveness of cloaking: small indenters feel a mixture of the material properties of the coating and of the substrate, while large indenters sense largely the unadulterated substrate.
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