利用修正的瑞利空化泡溃灭时间估算粘弹性软材料的特性
Estimating viscoelastic, soft material properties using a modified Rayleigh cavitation bubble collapse time
AI总结：
本研究提出利用修正的瑞利空化泡溃灭时间的声学特征估算软材料粘弹性特性，拓展了惯性微空化流变仪的应用范围，可用于不透明材料，且对刚度大于10kPa的材料能提供定量有效信息。
摘要：
准确测定软材料的高应变率（>10^3 1/s）本构特性仍是一项艰巨的挑战。尽管实验技术近期取得了进展，尤其是惯性微空化流变仪（inertial microcavitation rheometry, IMR），但可视化气泡空化动力学的内在要求将其应用限制在名义上透明的材料中。为应对这一挑战并将IMR的实验能力拓展至光学不透明材料，我们研究了是否可以利用气泡成核与溃灭之间时间间隔的声学特征（即气泡溃灭时间），在无法直接对组织内气泡成像的情况下推断粘弹性材料特性。通过引入针对软材料的修正瑞利溃灭时间——该时间强烈依赖于所研究材料的刚度——我们证明，原则上可以对所研究软材料的粘弹性特性获得一个数量级或更优的估算。利用新开发的基于能量的理论框架，我们表明，对于刚度大于10 kPa的材料，单次气泡空化事件中的气泡溃灭时间可以提供有关材料本构特性的定量且有意义的信息。对于非常软的材料（即剪切模量小于10 kPa），我们的理论表明，除非溃灭时间测量具有极高的精度和极低的不确定性，否则仅基于气泡溃灭时间的材料特性估算将不准确，需要对完整的空化运动学进行可视化分辨。
英文摘要：
Accurate determination of high strain rate (> 10^3 1/s) constitutive properties of soft materials remains a formidable challenge. Albeit recent advancements among experimental techniques, in particular inertial microcavitation rheometry (IMR), the intrinsic requirement to visualize the bubble cavitation dynamics has limited its application to nominally transparent materials. Here, in an effort to address this challenge and to expand the experimental capability of IMR to optically opaque materials, we investigated whether one could use the acoustic signature of the time interval between bubble nucleation and collapse, characterized as the bubble collapse time, to infer the viscoelastic material properties without being able to image the bubble directly in the tissue. By introducing a modified Rayleigh collapse time for soft materials, which is strongly dependent on the stiffness of the material at hand, we show that, in principle, one can obtain an order of magnitude or better estimate of the viscoelastic material properties of the soft material under investigation. Using a newly developed energy-based theoretical framework, we show that for materials stiffer than 10 kPa the bubble collapse time during a single bubble cavitation event can provide quantitative and meaningful information about the constitutive properties of the material at hand. For very soft materials (i.e., shear modulus less than 10 kPa) our theory shows that unless the collapse time measurement has very high precision and low uncertainties, the material property estimates based on the bubble collapse time only will not be accurate and require visual resolution of the full cavitation kinematics.
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