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arXiv 0711.1969hep-th
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互动Q球

Interacting Q-balls

Yves Brihaye, Betti Hartmann

摘要:

本文研究了自相互作用复标量场模型的非拓扑孤子,即所谓的Q球。新的轴对称非自旋Q球的解决方案,迄今尚未研究的显式的例子构造数值。这些解决方案可以被解释为基本$Q$ -球的角激励,并与球谐函数。相应地,它们具有较高的能量,并且它们的能量密度在正z轴上具有两个局部最大值。我们还研究了两个Q球通过一个势项在(3+1)维中相互作用,并在由两个相互作用的全局标量场组成的(3+1)维平坦时空中构造了静止的类孤子物体的例子。我们集中讨论了由一个自旋和一个非自旋Q球组成的组态,并研究了组态的能量和电荷随参数的变化。此外,我们提出的数值证据表明,固定值的耦合常数两种不同类型的2-Q-球的解决方案存在:解决方案与定义的奇偶校验,但也解决方案是不对称的反射通过的x-y-平面。

英文摘要:

We study non-topological solitons, so called Q-balls, which carry a non-vanishing Noether charge and arise as lump solutions of self-interacting complex scalar field models. Explicit examples of new axially symmetric non-spinning Q-ball solutions that have not been studied so far are constructed numerically. These solutions can be interpreted as angular excitations of the fundamental $Q$-balls and are related to the spherical harmonics. Correspondingly, they have higher energy and their energy densities possess two local maxima on the positive z-axis. We also study two Q-balls interacting via a potential term in (3+1) dimensions and construct examples of stationary, solitonic-like objects in (3+1)-dimensional flat space-time that consist of two interacting global scalar fields. We concentrate on configurations composed of one spinning and one non-spinning Q-ball and study the parameter-dependence of the energy and charges of the configuration. In addition, we present numerical evidence that for fixed values of the coupling constants two different types of 2-Q-ball solutions exist: solutions with defined parity, but also solutions which are asymmetric with respect to reflexion through the x-y-plane.

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