角激发相互作用玻色子星和Q球
Angularly excited and interacting boson stars and Q-balls
摘要：
我们研究角激发以及相互作用的非拓扑孤子，所谓的Q球和它们的引力对应物，所谓的玻色子星在3+1维。Q球和玻色子星带有非零的Noether荷，它们分别是在平坦时空背景中的复杂标量场模型的解，并与引力最小耦合。我们提出了相互作用的Q-球，由于角激励，这是密切相关的球谐函数的例子。我们还构造了旋转玻色子星与非旋转玻色子星相互作用的明确的例子。我们观察到，旋转玻色子星倾向于吸收非旋转的增加，但合理的小引力耦合。这是一个新的现象相比，平坦的时空限制，并与旋转项的能量密度的解决方案的负贡献。此外，我们的结果表明，一个系统的旋转和非旋转玻色子星可以变得不稳定，如果直接相互作用项的潜力是足够大的。这种不稳定性与麦角区的出现有关。
英文摘要：
We study angularly excited as well as interacting non-topological solitons, so-called Q-balls and their gravitating counterparts, so-called boson stars in 3+1 dimensions. Q-balls and boson stars carry a non-vanishing Noether charge and arise as solutions of complex scalar field models in a flat space-time background and coupled minimally to gravity, respectively. We present examples of interacting Q-balls that arise due to angular excitations, which are closely related to the spherical harmonics. We also construct explicit examples of rotating boson stars that interact with non-rotating boson stars. We observe that rotating boson stars tend to absorb the non-rotating ones for increasing, but reasonably small gravitational coupling. This is a new phenomenon as compared to the flat space-time limit and is related to the negative contribution of the rotation term to the energy density of the solutions. In addition, our results indicate that a system of a rotating and non-rotating boson star can become unstable if the direct interaction term in the potential is large enough. This instability is related to the appearance of ergoregions.
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