自发熵减及其统计公式
Spontaneous entropy decrease and its statistical formula
摘要：
为什么世界可以抵抗熵增加的规律，产生自组织结构？孤立系的熵是否总是只增不减？热力学退化和自组织进化能统一起来吗？如何团结？本文从非平衡态熵演化方程出发，证明了在具有内吸引作用的非平衡态系统中，可以自发地出现一个新的熵减。这种新的熵减规律与传统的熵增规律并存，二者相互抵消，从而使孤立系的总熵得以减小。它不仅使孤立系产生自组织结构，而且使开放系统产生自组织结构。首先导出了这个新的熵减率的统计公式，并从数学形式和微观物理基础上与我们几年前导出的熵增定律的统计公式进行了比较。进一步给出了孤立系和开放系总熵随时间变化率的计算公式。前者等于熵增定律公式与新的熵减率公式之和，后者是熵增、熵减和熵流公式的代数和。它们都体现了热力学退化与自组织演化的统一。作为新理论公式的应用，我们定性地讨论了两个实孤立系中非均匀结构的出现，包括澄清了宇宙热寂的推论。
英文摘要：
Why can the world resist the law of entropy increase and produce self-organizing structure? Does the entropy of an isolated system always only increase and never decrease? Can be thermodymamic degradation and self-organizing evolution united? How to unite? In this paper starting out from nonequilibrium entropy evolution equation we proved that a new entropy decrease could spontaneously emerge in nonequilibrium system with internal attractive interaction. This new entropy decrease coexists with the traditional law of entropy increase, both of them countervail each other, so that the total entropy of isolated system can be able to decrease. It not only makes isolated system but also helps open system to produce self-organizing structure. We first derived a statistical formula for this new entropy decrease rate, and compared it both in mathematical form and in microscopic physical foundation with the statistical formula for the law of entropy increase which was derived by us some years ago. Furthermore, we gave the formulas for the time rate of change of total entropy in isolated system and open system. The former is equal to the sum of the formula for the law of entropy increase and the formula for the new entropy decrease rate, the latter is the algebraic sum of the formulas for entropy increase, entropy decrease and entropy flow. All of them manifest the unity of thermodynamic degradation and self-organizing evolution. As the application of the new theoretical formulas, we discussed qualitatively the emergency of inhomogeneous structure in two real isolated systems including clarifying the inference about the heat death of the universe.
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