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arXiv 0709.4458astro-ph
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极亮类星体中的昏暗现象

Obscuration in extremely luminous quasars

M. Polletta, D. Weedman, S. Hoenig, C. J. Lonsdale, H. E. Smith, J. Houck

摘要:

的光谱能量分布和红外(IR)光谱的样本被遮蔽的活动星系核中选择的中红外线建模与最近clujetorus模型调查的性质的来源,模糊的物质的属性,并依赖于光度。该样本包含21个z=1.3-3的模糊活动星系核,这些活动星系核是在最大的斯皮策巡天(SWIRE、NDWFS和FLS)中通过它们的极红红外到光学颜色发现的。所有光源都显示出9.7微米硅酸盐的吸收特征,并具有极高的中红外光度(L(6微米)~10^46 erg/s)。红外SEDs和光谱的12个来源是很好地再现了一个简单的环面模型,而其余9个来源需要前景消光从冷尘埃成分,以重现硅酸盐功能的深度和近红外发射热尘埃。最佳拟合环面模型显示了广泛的倾斜,没有偏好的边缘上的环面预计在模糊AGN。基于未遮蔽的类星体中红外光度函数,以及对遮蔽和未遮蔽红外源的颜色选择样本,我们估计在L(6微米)>10^12 Lsun,z=1.3-3.0时,遮蔽和未遮蔽类星体的表面密度分别约为17-22 deg^-2和11.7 deg^-2。总的来说,我们发现约35-41%的发光类星体是未被遮蔽的,37-40%被环面遮蔽,23-25%被从环面分离的冷吸收体遮蔽。这些分数将环面半张角限制为~67度。这个值明显大于在较低光度(~46度)的活动星系核的FIR选择样本,支持后退环面的情况。在8个物体中观察到远红外成分。估计的与该成分相关的远红外光度都超过3.3x10^12 Lsun,这意味着SFR为600-3000 Msun/年。(节录)

英文摘要:

The spectral energy distributions and infrared (IR) spectra of a sample of obscured AGNs selected in the mid-IR are modeled with recent clumpy torus models to investigate the nature of the sources, the properties of the obscuring matter, and dependencies on luminosity. The sample contains 21 obscured AGNs at z=1.3-3 discovered in the largest Spitzer surveys (SWIRE, NDWFS, & FLS) by means of their extremely red IR to optical colors. All sources show the 9.7micron silicate feature in absorption and have extreme mid-IR luminosities (L(6micron)~10^46 erg/s). The IR SEDs and spectra of 12 sources are well reproduced with a simple torus model, while the remaining 9 sources require foreground extinction from a cold dust component to reproduce both the depth of the silicate feature and the near-IR emission from hot dust. The best-fit torus models show a broad range of inclinations, with no preference for the edge-on torus expected in obscured AGNs. Based on the unobscured QSO mid-IR luminosity function, and on a color-selected sample of obscured and unobscured IR sources, we estimate the surface densities of obscured and unobscured QSOs at L(6micron)>10^12 Lsun, and z=1.3-3.0 to be about 17-22 deg^-2, and 11.7 deg^-2, respectively. Overall we find that ~35-41% of luminous QSOs are unobscured, 37-40% are obscured by the torus, and 23-25% are obscured by a cold absorber detached from the torus. These fractions constrain the torus half opening angle to be ~67 deg. This value is significantly larger than found for FIR selected samples of AGN at lower luminosity (~46 deg), supporting the receding torus scenario. A far-IR component is observed in 8 objects. The estimated far-IR luminosities associated with this component all exceed 3.3x10^12 Lsun, implying SFRs of 600-3000 Msun/yr. (Abridged)

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