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arXiv 0709.1441cs.ITmath.IT
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MIMO信道探测的信息论分析

Information-theoretic analysis of MIMO channel sounding

Daniel S. Baum, Helmut Bölcskei

摘要:

大多数商业上可用的多输入多输出(MIMO)无线电信道测量设备(探测器)基于将单个发射/接收射频链时分复用切换(TDMS)到发射/接收天线阵列的元件中。虽然具有成本效益,但由于本机振荡器中的相位噪声和频率偏移,这种解决方案可能导致显著的测量误差。在本文中,我们系统地分析了由此产生的错误,并表明,在实践中,高估的信道容量的百分之几百可能会发生。过高估计是由相位噪声(以及在较小程度上的频率偏移)引起的,导致MIMO信道秩的增加。我们的分析还表明,相位误差的影响是,一般来说,最明显的,如果物理信道具有低秩(典型的视线或散射差的情况下)。详细分析了秩1物理信道的极端情况。最后,我们提出了从商业上采用的基于时分复用多输入多输出信道探测器的测量结果。根据本文的研究结果,使用基于TDM的信道探测器通过MIMO信道测量活动获得的结果应非常小心地解释。

英文摘要:

The large majority of commercially available multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radio channel measurement devices (sounders) is based on time-division multiplexed switching (TDMS) of a single transmit/receive radio-frequency chain into the elements of a transmit/receive antenna array. While being cost-effective, such a solution can cause significant measurement errors due to phase noise and frequency offset in the local oscillators. In this paper, we systematically analyze the resulting errors and show that, in practice, overestimation of channel capacity by several hundred percent can occur. Overestimation is caused by phase noise (and to a lesser extent frequency offset) leading to an increase of the MIMO channel rank. Our analysis furthermore reveals that the impact of phase errors is, in general, most pronounced if the physical channel has low rank (typical for line-of-sight or poor scattering scenarios). The extreme case of a rank-1 physical channel is analyzed in detail. Finally, we present measurement results obtained from a commercially employed TDMS-based MIMO channel sounder. In the light of the findings of this paper, the results obtained through MIMO channel measurement campaigns using TDMS-based channel sounders should be interpreted with great care.

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