快时变信道中的切换阵列信道探测
On channel sounding with switched arrays in fast time-varying channels
摘要：
时分复用（TDM）信道探测器广泛用于双向/MIMO传播信道的测量，其中单个RF链经由电子开关顺序地连接到阵列的不同元件。本文研究了阵列切换模式对时分复用（TDM）信道探测器多径分量（MPC）参数估计精度的影响。通常使用的顺序（均匀）切换模式对TDM信道探测器在快速时变信道中可以采用的天线数量构成了基本限制。因此，我们的目标是设计改进的模式，放松这些限制。为了表征性能，我们引入了一种新的时空模糊函数，它可以处理实数阵列的非理想性。我们制定的序列设计问题作为一个优化问题，并提出了一种基于模拟退火算法来获得最佳序列。因此，我们可以扩大估计范围的多普勒频移消除模糊的参数估计。我们通过蒙特卡罗模拟表明，新的切换序列的偏离方向和多普勒的均方根误差显着降低。结果也验证了实际的车辆到车辆（V2 V）通道测量。
英文摘要：
Time-division multiplexed (TDM) channel sounders, in which a single RF chain is connected sequentially via an electronic switch to different elements of an array, are widely used for the measurement of double-directional/MIMO propagation channels. This paper investigates the impact of array switching patterns on the accuracy of parameter estimation of multipath components (MPC) for a time-division multiplexed (TDM) channel sounder. The commonly-used sequential (uniform) switching pattern poses a fundamental limit on the number of antennas that a TDM channel sounder can employ in fast time-varying channels. We thus aim to design improved patterns that relax these constraints. To characterize the performance, we introduce a novel spatio-temporal ambiguity function, which can handle the non-idealities of real-word arrays. We formulate the sequence design problem as an optimization problem and propose an algorithm based on simulated annealing to obtain the optimal sequence. As a result we can extend the estimation range of Doppler shifts by eliminating ambiguities in parameter estimation. We show through Monte Carlo simulations that the root mean square errors of both direction of departure and Doppler are reduced significantly with the new switching sequence. Results are also verified with actual vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) channel measurements.
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