A Note on Gravitational Baryogenesis
H. Mohseni Sadjadi
在膨胀宇宙中，Ricci标量曲率与重子数流之间的耦合动态地破坏CPT，导致重子不对称性。我们研究了FRW宇宙状态方程参数的时间依赖性对这种非对称性的影响。
The coupling between Ricci scalar curvature and the baryon number current dynamically breaks CPT in an expanding universe and leads to baryon asymmetry. We study the effect of time dependence of equation of state parameter of the FRW universe on this asymmetry.
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We show that in the vacuum inflation model, the gravitational baryogenesis mechanism will produce the baryon asymmetry. We analyze the evolution of entropy and baryon number in the vacuum inflation model. The comparison between dilution speed and the chemical potential may give a natural interpretation for decouple temperature of the gravitational baryogenesis interaction. From the result, the mechanism can give acceptable baryon-to-entropy ratio in the vacuum inflation model.
Constraining $f(T,\mathcal{T})$ Gravity with Gravitational Baryogenesis
本文利用引力重子生成机制约束基于挠率的广义修正引力理论 $f(T,\mathcal{T})$ 引力，考察不同拉格朗日形式对重子生成的影响，并利用重子-熵比观测值约束额外自由度。
The gravitational baryogenesis plays an important role in the study of the baryon asymmetry. However, the original mechanism of gravitational baryogenesis in the radiation dominated era leads to the asymmetry factor $η$ is equal to zero, which indicates this mechanism may not generate a sufficient baryon asymmetry for the standard cosmological model. In this manuscript, we investigate the gravitational baryogenesis for the generation of baryon asymmetry in the early Universe by using an new higher-order generalized uncertainty principle (GUP). It is demonstrated that the entropy and Friedman e…
We investigate how baryogenesis can occur by the presence of an $f(T)$-related gravitational term. We study various cases of $f(T)$ gravity and we discuss in detail the effect of the novel terms on the baryon-to-entropy ratio. Additionally, we study the constraints imposed by the observational values of the baryon-to-entropy ratio and we discuss how more generalized cosmologies can contribute successfully, in a viable and consistent way, in the gravitational baryogenesis mechanism.
We propose a new mechanism for electroweak baryogenesis based on gravitational waves generated by helical magnetic fields that are present during a first order electroweak phase transition. We generate a net lepton number through the gravitational chiral anomaly which appears due to the chiral gravitational waves produced by these magnetic fields. The observed value of baryon asymmetry can be obtained in our mechanism within parameter space of scenarios with an inverse cascade evolution for magnetic fields which can also be candidates for large-scale magnetic fields.
The derivative coupling of baryonic current to the curvature scalar in gravitational baryogenesis scenarios leads to higher order equations for gravitational field. It is shown that these equations are strongly unstable and destroy standard cosmology. This is a generalization of our earlier results obtained for scalar baryons to realistic fermions.
We have studied the gravitational baryogenesis in f(R) theory of gravity with an anisotropic Bianchi I space-time. The matter field is considered to be that of perfect fluid. Two models pertaining to specific form of Ricci scalar have been presented. The baryon-to-entropy ratio has been derived with the some specific form of Ricci scalar in the anisotropic background. The gravitational baryogenesis is examined and its behaviors are studied.
We consider the imbalance of matter and antimatter by using a gravitational baryogenesis mechanism in the background of Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP) brane cosmology. By taking into account a flat Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric in the DGP brane model, we find that for a radiation dominated universe, $w = 1/3$, the ratio of baryon number density to entropy from the gravitational baryogenesis is not zero, contrary to ordinary general relativity. Also, we study the ratio of baryon number density to entropy against the observational constraints in DGP cosmology.
We study baryogenesis in effective field theories where a $\mathrm{U}(1)_{ B-L}$-charged scalar couples to gravity via curvature invariants. We analyze the general possibilities in such models, noting the relationships between some of them and existing models, such as Affleck-Dine baryogenesis. We then identify a novel mechanism in which $\mathrm{U}(1)_{ B-L}$ can be broken by couplings to the Gauss-Bonnet invariant during inflation and reheating. Using analytic methods, we demonstrate that this mechanism provides a new way to dynamically generate the net matter-anti-matter asymmetry observed …
The interaction between Ricci scalar curvature and the baryon number current, dynamically breaks CPT in an expanding universe and leads to baryon asymmetry. Using this kind of interaction and study the gravitational baryogenesis in the Bianchi type I universe. We find out the effect of anisotropy of the universe on the baryon asymmetry for the case which the equation of state parameter, $ω$, is dependent to time.
Scalar-tensor baryogenesis: a scalar-tensor completion of gravitational baryogenesis
该研究提出了一种基于引力标量的标量-张量重子生成模型，通过引力场的非对称性产生重子不对称性，并在修正引力框架下实现了与自发重子生成相似的描述。
Gravitational baryogenesis beyond the spectator approximation
本文研究引力重子生成中旁观者近似的局限性，推导了引力-物质耦合变分问题的场方程，并讨论了重子生成过程中有效引力耦合的时间依赖性。
Spontaneous baryogenesis and generation of gravitational waves in a new model of quintessential $α$-attractor
研究典型$\alpha$-吸引子暴胀模型中$\alpha$参数对自发重子生成和引力波产生的作用，发现$0.28\leq\alpha\leq0.30$符合实验要求，小$\alpha$值有利于统一暴胀、重子生成、典型性和引力波。
We investigate how the gravitational baryogenesis mechanism can potentially constrain the form of a Type IV singularity. Specifically, we study two different models with interesting phenomenology, that realize two distinct Type IV singularities, one occurring at the end of inflation and one during the radiation domination era or during the matter domination era. As we demonstrate, the Type IV singularities occurring at the matter domination era or during the radiation domination era, are constrained by the gravitational baryogenesis, in such a way so that these do not render the baryon to entr…
One of the biggest puzzles in modern cosmology is the observed baryon asymmetry in the universe. In current models of baryogenesis gravity plays a secondary role, although the process is believed to have happened in the early universe, under the influence of an intense gravitational field. In the present work we resume Sakharov's original program for baryogenesis and propose a central role for gravity in the process. This is achieved through a non-minimal coupling (NMC) between the gravitational field and both the strong interaction field and the quark fields. When in action, the present mecha…
Baryogenesis in $f(R,L_m)$ gravity
本文在$f(R,L_m)$引力理论框架内考察特定模型，重现引力重子生成时期，发现该引力理论能显著且稳定地对引力重子生成现象做出贡献。
Some problems of spontaneous and gravitational baryogenesis are discussed. Gravity modification due to the curvature dependent term in gravitational baryogensis scenario is considered. It is shown that the interaction of baryonic fields with the curvature scalar leads to strong instability of the gravitational equations of motion and as a result to noticeable distortion of the standard cosmology.
Baryogenesis driven by curvature effects is investigated by taking into account gravitationally induced particle production in the very early Universe. In our scenario, the baryon asymmetry is generated dynamically during an inflationary epoch powered by ultra-relativistic particles. The adiabatic particle production rate provides both the needed negative pressure to accelerate the radiation dominated Universe and a non-zero chemical potential which distinguishes baryons and anti-baryons thereby producing a baryon asymmetry in agreement with the observed value. Reciprocally, the present day as…
The article communicates gravitational baryogenesis in non-minimal $f(T)$ gravity and $f(T,B)$ teleparallel gravity where $T$ denote the torsion scalar and $B$ a boundary term. These extended teleparallel theories of gravity differ from the usual $f(T)$ gravity and therefore could provide key insights in expounding the baryon asymmetry of the universe. Furthermore, such a study also put constraints on the model parameters of these extended teleparallel theory of gravity. I present different baryogenesis interactions proportional to $\partial_{i}T$, $\partial_{i}f(T)$, $\partial_{i}(T+B)$ and $…
Loop Quantum Cosmology is an appealing quantum completion of classical cosmology, which brings along various theoretical features which in many cases offer remedy or modify various classical cosmology aspects. In this paper we address the gravitational baryogenesis mechanism in the context of Loop Quantum Cosmology. As we demonstrate, when Loop Quantum Cosmology effects are taken into account in the resulting Friedmann equations for a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker Universe, then even for a radiation dominated Universe, the predicted baryon-to-entropy ratio from the gravitational baryogenesis…
In this work we intend to address the matter-antimatter asymmetry via the gravitational baryogenesis mechanism in the background of a quantum theory of gravity. We investigate this mechanism under the framework of Ho$\check{r}$ava-Lifshitz gravity. We will compute the baryon-to-entropy ratio in the chosen framework and investigate its physical viability against the observational bounds. We also conduct the above study for various sources of matter like scalar field and Chaplygin gas as specific examples. We speculate that quantum corrections from the background geometry will lead to interestin…
Spontaneous and closely related to it gravitational baryogenesis are critically analyzed. It is shown that the coupling of the curvature scalar to baryonic current, which induces nonzero baryonic asymmetry of the universe, simultaneously leads to higher order gravitational equations, which have exponentially unstable solutions. It is shown that this instability endangers the standard cosmology.
We study the gravitational baryogenesis mechanism for generating baryon asymmetry in the context of running vacuum models. Regardless if these models can produce a viable cosmological evolution, we demonstrate that they produce a non-zero baryon-to-entropy ratio even if the universe is filled with conformal matter. This is a sound difference between the running vacuum gravitational baryogenesis and the Einstein-Hilbert one, since in the latter case, the predicted baryon-to-entropy ratio is zero. We consider two well known and most used running vacuum models and show that the resulting baryon-t…
The gravitational baryogensis may not generate a sufficient baryon asymmetry in the standard thermal history of the Universe when we take into account the gravitino problem. Hence it has been suggested that anisotropy of the Universe can enhance the generation of the baryon asymmetry through the increase of the time change of the Ricci scalar curvature. We study the gravitational baryogenesis in the presence of anisotropy, which is produced at the end of an anisotropic inflation. Although we confirm that the generated baryon asymmetry is enhanced compared with the original isotropic cosmologic…
In this letter we study some variant forms of gravitational baryogenesis by using higher order terms containing the partial derivative of the Gauss-Bonnet scalar coupled to the baryonic current. This scenario extends the well known theory that uses a similar coupling between the Ricci scalar and the baryonic current. One appealing feature of the scenario we study is that the predicted baryon asymmetry during a radiation domination era is non-zero. We calculate the baryon to entropy ratio for the Gauss-Bonnet term and by using the observational constraints we investigate which are the allowed f…
Modification of gravity due to the curvature dependent term in the gravitational baryogenesis scenario is considered. It is shown that this term leads to the fourth order differential equation of motion for the curvature scalar instead of the algebraic one of General Relativity (GR). The fourth order gravitational equations are generically unstable with respect to small perturbations. Non-linear in curvature terms may stabilize the solution but the magnitude of the stabilized curvature scalar would be much larger than that dictated by GR, so the standard cosmology would be strongly distorted.
Gravitational Baryogenesis in Rainbow Gauss-Bonnet gravity
研究彩虹高斯-博内引力中的引力重子生成，推导高曲率和微扰区域重子与熵比的解析表达式，确定高斯-博内贡献在辐射时期产生非零不对称性，找到能重现观测重子与熵比的可行参数空间。
The baryogenesis presents the theoretical mechanism that describes the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the history of early universe. In this work, we investigate the gravitational baryogenesis phenomena in the frameworks of $f(T, T_G)$ (where $T$ and $T_G$ are the torsion scalar and teleparallel equivalent to the Gauss-Bonnet term respectively) and $f(T, B)$ (where $B$ denotes the boundary term between torsion and Ricci scalar) gravities. For $f(T,T_G)$-gravity, we consider two generic power law models while logarithmic and general Taylor expansion models for $f(T,B)$-gravity. We consider powe…
We report on the first joint analysis of observational signatures from the electroweak baryogenesis in both gravitational wave (GW) detectors and particle colliders. With an effective extension of the Higgs sector in terms of the dimension-6 operators, we derive a strong first-order phase transition in associated with a sizable CP violation to realize a successful electroweak baryogenesis. We calculate the GW spectrum resulting from the bubble nucleation, plasma transportation, and magnetohydrodynamic turbulence of this process that occurred after the big bang, and find that it yields GW signa…
Baryogenesis by Quantum Gravity
基于量子引力中共形不变时空到爱因斯坦时空的相变，提出了一种新的重子生成机制。在跃迁处产生了动力学质量约为10^17 GeV的强耦合引力激发。它们最终会衰变成普通物质。作为非粒子物理的一种实现，我们证明了描述激发的引力势与轴向异常引起的非守恒物质流之间的低能有效相互作用可以解释物质在热平衡之外的非对称性.
Gravitational baryogenesis in Gauss-Bonnet braneworld cosmology
在Gauss-Bonnet膜世界宇宙学的背景下，研究了基于Ricci标量曲率的导数与重子数流之间CPT破坏的引力相互作用的引力重子生成机制.我们研究了基本五维引力标度、B-破坏的有效标度和退耦温度对上述机制在辐射主导时代产生可接受的重子不对称性的约束。引力leptogenesis的情况下，轻子数违反相互作用与中微子质量跷跷板运营商，也被认为是。
Gravitational Baryogenesis in Extended Proca-Nuevo Gravity
本文在扩展Proca-Nuevo引力框架下研究早期宇宙引力重子生成，针对幂律、指数和修正指数三种标度因子求解修正场方程并计算重子与熵之比，证明该比值与观测约束一致，表明EPN引力可解释物质-反物质不对称性。
Baryogenesis in non-extensive Tsallis Cosmology
本研究基于非广延Tsallis宇宙学推导修正Friedmann方程，提出非广延性修正可实现重子生成的机制，约束了Tsallis δ参数，并验证该约束与量子引力模型的GUP参数估计一致。
Probing baryogenesis with gravitational waves
本研究通过低能新物理实现Affleck-Dine重子生成机制，并利用引力波探测其产生的参数共振效应，揭示了引力波探测与实验室粒子物理研究的互补性。
Gravitational baryogenesis in $f(T,L_m)$ gravity
本文在$f(T,L_m)$引力框架下探索重力重子生成，通过耦合torsion和物质拉格朗日量，在高能范围内解释重子不对称性，同时保持与广义相对论的一致性。
The coupling of baryonic current to the derivative of the curvature scalar, $R$, inherent to gravitational baryogenesis (GBG), leads to a fourth order differential equation of motion for $R$ instead of the algebraic one of General Relativity (GR). The fourth-order differential equation is generically unstable. We consider a possible mechanism of stabilization of GBG by modification of gravity, introducing an $R^2$-term into the canonical action of GR. It is shown that this mechanism allows for stabilization of GBG with bosonic and fermionic baryon currents. We have established the region of th…
Large anisotropies in the gravitational wave background from baryogenesis
本文研究Affleck-Dine重子生成中Q-ball诱发引力波背景的大尺度各向异性，指出非高斯重子等曲率扰动调制Q-ball分布可产生约化角功率谱约10^{-2}的显著各向异性，并可由LISA等未来实验探测，从而为揭示CP破坏动力学和重子不对称起源提供新途径。
We show that in theories with nonminimal curvature-matter couplings up to first order in the curvature, baryon number (B) conservation and CP are automatically violated, provided that the curvature scalar and its gradient do not vanish. Together with the associated gravitationally induced particle creation in a cosmological framework, which is an essentially out-of-equilibrium process, this implies that all of Sakharov's conditions are satisfied in the simplest extension of General Relativity, without the need of CPT violation. Here, derivatives of the curvature can be disregarded, thus evadin…
The gravitational baryogenesis and a new higher-order extended uncertainty principle with parameter adaptability for the minimum length
本研究提出一种对正负形变参数均能保持最小长度的新型高阶扩展不确定原理（EUP），修正Friedmann方程并结合引力重子生成理论解释宇宙重子不对称性，同时利用天文观测约束形变参数范围。
Energy conditions and gravitational baryogenesis in $f(R, {\cal R})$ gravity
本研究在$f(R, {\cal R})$混合引力框架下分析能量条件，发现特定模型的强能量条件可被破坏以解释宇宙加速膨胀，并进一步探讨该混合引力对早期辐射主导宇宙中引力重子生成过程的潜在作用。
We explore the possibility of baryogenesis in the framework of quintessential inflation. We focus on the model independent features of the underlying paradigm and demonstrate that the required baryon asymmetry can successfully be generated in this scenario. To this effect, we use the effective field theory framework with desired terms in the Lagrangian necessary to mimic baryon number violation \textit{à la} spontaneous baryogenesis which can successfully evade Sakharov's requirement allowing us to generate the observed baryon asymmetry in the equilibrium process. Our estimates are independent…
On the Role of Cosmological Gravitational Particle Production in Baryogenesis
本文利用 Bogoliubov 方法研究引力粒子产生框架下的重子不对称性，表明低重加热温度下 GUT 重子产生可在广泛共形耦合范围内成功，并给出轻子产生所需的温度与右手中微子质量约束。
This paper is devoted to the reproduction of the gravitational baryogenesis epoch in the context of $f(R, T)$ theory of gravity, where $R$ and $T$ are respectively the curvature scalar and the trace of the energy-momentum tensor, respectively. It is assumed a minimal coupling between matter and gravity. In particular we consider the following two models, $f(R,T) = R +αT + βT^2$ and $f(R,T) = R+ μR^2 + λT$, with the assumption that the universe is filled by dark energy and perfect fluid where the baryon to entropy ratio during a radiation domination era is non-zero. We constrain the models with…
A decade ago, the first leptogenesis model based on inflation was proposed, where the complex phase of the inflaton field carries lepton number. If the inflaton field is an axion, it can couple to gravitational waves and gauge fields via. Chern-Simons invariants. Due to these couplings, birefringent gravitational and gauge primordial perturbations are created during inflation to generate a lepton asymmetry, establishing a possible connection between non-vanishing TB-parity violating polarization cross-correlations and leptogenesis. We also discuss the prospect for a subset of these models can …
Constraining the Lorentz-Violating Bumblebee Vector Field with Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and Gravitational Baryogenesis
该研究通过大爆炸核合成和重子生成时期的观测数据，约束了洛伦兹破缺的大黄蜂矢量场的真空期望值和演化参数，从而限制了洛伦兹破缺的幅度与背景场的演化速率。
Gravitational baryogenesis in $F(R)$ gravity's rainbow
该研究提出在$F(R)$引力的彩虹框架下，通过R导数与质子电流相互作用生成质子不对称性，结合量子引力修正解释宇宙质子不对称性。
Hawking evaporation of primordial black holes (PBHs) can facilitate the generation of matter-antimatter asymmetry. We focus on ultra-low mass PBHs that briefly dominate the universe and evaporate before the big bang nucleosynthesis. We propose a novel test of this scenario by detecting its characteristic doubly peaked gravitational wave (GW) spectrum in future GW observatories. Here the first order adiabatic perturbation from inflation and from the isocurvature perturbations due to PBH distribution, source tensor perturbations in second-order and lead to two peaks in the induced GW background.…
Gravitational Baryogenesis Constraints on Nojiri-Odintsov $f(R)$ Gravity
本文在Nojiri-Odintsov $f(R)$引力框架下，通过引力重子生成机制研究物质与反物质不平衡，考察三种$f(R)$模型并约束参数，证明其能产生与观测数据一致的重子-熵比率。
We study the spontaneous baryogenesis scenario in the early universe for three different frameworks of varying constants theories. We replace the constants by dynamical scalar fields playing the role of thermions. We first obtain the results for baryogenesis driven by the varying gravitational constant, $G$, as in the previous literature, then challenge the problem for varying fine structure constant $α$ models as well as for varying speed of light $c$ models. We show that in each of these frameworks the current observational value of the baryon to entropy ratio, $η_B \sim 8.6 \cdot 10^{-11}$,…
We propose a novel mechanism for production of baryonic asymmetry in the early Universe. The mechanism takes advantage of the strong first order phase transition that produces runaway bubbles in the hidden sector that propagate almost without friction with ultra-relativistic velocities. Collisions of such bubbles can non-thermally produce heavy particles that further decay out-of-equilibrium into the SM and produce the observed baryonic asymmetry. This process can proceed at the very low temperatures, providing a new mechanism of post-sphaleron baryogenesis. In this paper we present a fully ca…
Ultralight primordial black holes (PBHs)($\lesssim10^9$g) completely evaporate via Hawking radiation (HR) and produce all the particles in a given theory regardless of their other interactions. If the right handed (RH) neutrinos are produced from PBH evaporation, successful baryogenesis via leptogenesis predicts mass scale of RH neutrinos as well as black holes. We show that, given the lepton number violation (generation of RH neutrino masses) in the theory is a consequence of a gauged $U(1)$ breaking which is then followed by the formation of PBHs, a network of cosmic strings naturally gives …
Baryogenesis: A Symmetry Breaking in the Primordial Universe Revisited
本文综述重子生成机制，重点回顾电弱重子生成与大统一理论重子生成，并探讨标量-张量引力理论修改如何通过改变时间-温度关系影响重子不对称性产生条件。
Gravitational Leptogenesis and Neutrino Mass Limit
最近Davoudiasl { \it et al} \cite{steinhardt}在Ricci标量$R$和重子流$J^μ$之间引入了一种新的相互作用，即${\partial_μR} J^μ$，并提出了重子生成的一种机制--引力重子生成。然而，一般来说，$\partial_μ R$在辐射主导的时代消失。本文考虑它们相互作用的一种推广形式$\partial_μf(R)J^μ$，并再次研究引力重子（轻子）成因的可能性。以$f(R)\sim \ln R$为例，我们将证明$\partial_μf(R)\sim \partial_μ R/R$并不消失，所需的重子数不对称性可以在早期宇宙中{ \it自然}产生。
Probing Baryogenesis in $f(Q)$ gravity
该研究在修改引力框架下探究重子不对称起源问题，结合$f(Q)$引力与引力重子生成，通过两类模型计算重子熵比并与观测值比对，同时约束该理论的额外自由度。
Sign-Locked Gravitational Baryogenesis from Bulk Viscosity and Cosmological Particle Creation
通过体黏性变形产生确定性曲率源，利用热力学不可逆性避免冻结取消，实现重子不对称性生成，且在当前宇宙学限制内可复现观测到的重子不对称性。
Constraining Zero-Point Length from Gravitational Baryogenesis
本文通过观测重子不对称性数据，约束了零点长度l₀，揭示其对早期宇宙热力学和宇宙膨胀的影响。
Gravitational Baryogenesis in Energy-Momentum Squared~Gravity
该研究在能量动量平方引力框架下，利用高密度物质修正作为重子不对称性的时间依赖源，通过分析不同幂次分支，发现$n=5/8$分支可生成符合观测的重子-熵比，为引力重子生成提供了可行方案。
We explore the possibility of an Ekpyrotic contraction phase harbouring a mechanism for Baryogenesis. A Chern-Simons coupling between the fast-rolling Ekpyrotic scalar and the Standard Model Hypercharge gauge field enables the generation of a non-zero helicity during the contraction phase. The baryon number subsequently produced at the Electroweak Phase Transition is consistent with observation for a range of couplings and bounce scales. Simultaneously, the gauge field production during the contraction provides the seeds for galactic magnetic fields and sources gravitational waves, which may p…
A novel approach to baryogenesis in $f(Q,L_{m})$ gravity and its cosmological implications
本研究提出$f(Q,L_{m})=αQ^{n}+βL_{m}}$形式的引力模型，结合多组观测数据约束参数，验证其在特定参数下的重子-熵比符合观测上限，为研究宇宙重子生成与演化提供了可靠的新模型工具。
Gravitational Baryogenesis from Entropy Production and Parity Violation: A Unified Framework
该研究提出一个统一框架，结合熵产和重力 theta 项，解释 baryon 异常的起源，并预测其与再加热温度、theta 角和熵产历史的关系。
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