用引力波探测器听到电弱重子生成的回声
Hearing the echoes of electroweak baryogenesis with gravitational wave detectors
摘要：
本文报道了在引力波（GW）探测器和粒子对撞机上首次联合分析电弱重子发生的观测信号。通过对Higgs扇区的六维算符的有效扩展，我们得到了一个强的一阶相变，并伴随着一个相当大的CP破坏，从而实现了一个成功的电弱重子生成.我们计算了大爆炸后发生的气泡成核、等离子体输运和磁流体动力学湍流过程产生的GW谱，发现它产生的GW信号在演化激光干涉仪空间天线、分赫兹干涉仪引力波天文台和大爆炸观测器上都是可测的。我们进一步确定对撞机信号从相同的机制，可观察到的规划圆形电子正电子对撞机。我们的分析桥梁天体物理学/宇宙学与粒子物理学提供了显着的动机GW事件峰值在$(10^{-4}, 1)$ Hz范围内，这是与碰撞机的信号搜索，并突出了一个跨学科的观测窗口重子生成的可能性。该技术在早期宇宙相变分析中的应用对应用科学中的相变研究具有启发意义。
英文摘要：
We report on the first joint analysis of observational signatures from the electroweak baryogenesis in both gravitational wave (GW) detectors and particle colliders. With an effective extension of the Higgs sector in terms of the dimension-6 operators, we derive a strong first-order phase transition in associated with a sizable CP violation to realize a successful electroweak baryogenesis. We calculate the GW spectrum resulting from the bubble nucleation, plasma transportation, and magnetohydrodynamic turbulence of this process that occurred after the big bang, and find that it yields GW signals testable in Evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, Deci-hertz Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory and Big Bang Observer. We further identify collider signals from the same mechanism that are observable at the planning Circular Electron Positron Collider. Our analysis bridges astrophysics/cosmology with particle physics by providing significant motivation for searches for GW event peaking at the $(10^{-4}, 1)$ Hz range, which are associated with signals at colliders, and highlights the possibility of an interdisciplinary observational window into baryogenesis. The technique applied in analyzing early universe phase transitions may enlighten the study of phase transitions in applied science.
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