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arXiv 0709.0392astro-ph
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质量损失率降低对大质量恒星演化的影响

The impact of reduced mass loss rates on the evolution of massive stars

Raphael Hirschi

摘要:

质量损失是大质量恒星生命的一个非常重要的方面。在简要回顾了它的重要性,我们讨论了最近提出的向下修订的质量损失率由于聚集(难以形成沃尔夫-拉叶星和生产的临界旋转恒星)的影响。尽管允许小的减少,但是不赞成大约10的大的减少因子。然后,我们讨论了在非常低的金属丰度,由于恒星达到解体的速度,特别是由于通过旋转和对流混合的恒星表面的金属富集显着的质量损失的可能性。这种显著的质量损失可能有助于第一颗超大质量恒星避免配对产生超新星的命运,这种化学特征在极贫金属的恒星中没有观察到。极低金属丰度风的化学成分与迄今已知的最贫金属恒星HE 1327 -2326非常相似,并为该恒星中金属的起源提供了有趣的解释。我们还讨论了长期和软伽马射线暴和对创建超新星的背景下的质量损失的重要性。最后,我们想强调的是,在HR图较冷的部分(亮蓝变星和黄、红超巨星阶段)的质量损失比热的部分更不确定。在这些领域还需要做更多的工作,以更好地约束最大质量恒星的演化。

英文摘要:

Mass loss is a very important aspect of the life of massive stars. After briefly reviewing its importance, we discuss the impact of the recently proposed downward revision of mass loss rates due to clumping (difficulty to form Wolf-Rayet stars and production of critically rotating stars). Although a small reduction might be allowed, large reduction factors around ten are disfavoured. We then discuss the possibility of significant mass loss at very low metallicity due to stars reaching break-up velocities and especially due to the metal enrichment of the surface of the star via rotational and convective mixing. This significant mass loss may help the first very massive stars avoid the fate of pair-creation supernova, the chemical signature of which is not observed in extremely metal poor stars. The chemical composition of the very low metallicity winds is very similar to that of the most metal poor star known to date, HE1327-2326 and offer an interesting explanation for the origin of the metals in this star. We also discuss the importance of mass loss in the context of long and soft gamma-ray bursts and pair-creation supernovae. Finally, we would like to stress that mass loss in cooler parts of the HR-diagram (luminous blue variable and yellow and red supergiant stages) are much more uncertain than in the hot part. More work needs to be done in these areas to better constrain the evolution of the most massive stars.

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