Suppose that T_t is a symmetric diffusion semigroup on L^2(X) and consider its tensor product extension to the Bochner space L^p(X,B), where B belongs to a certain broad class of UMD spaces. We prove a vector-valued version of the Hopf--Dunford--Schwartz ergodic theorem and show that this extends to a maximal theorem for analytic continuations of the semigroup's extension to L^p(X,B). As an application, we show that such continuations exhibit pointwise convergence.
We introduce a class of Lévy processes subject to specific regularity conditions, and consider their Feynman-Kac semigroups given under a Kato-class potential. Using new techniques, first we analyze the rate of decay of eigenfunctions at infinity. We prove bounds on $λ$-subaveraging functions, from which we derive two-sided sharp pointwise estimates on the ground state, and obtain upper bounds on all other eigenfunctions. Next, by using these results, we analyze intrinsic ultracontractivity and related properties of the semigroup refining them by the concept of ground state domination and asym…
We shall develop two notions of pointwise amenability, namely pointwise Connes amenability and pointwise $w^*$-approximate Connes amenability, for dual Banach algebras which take the $w^*$-topology into account. We shall study these concepts for the Banach sequence algebras $\ell^1(ω)$ and the weighted semigroup algebras $ \ell^{1}(\mathbb{N}_{\wedge},ω)$. For a weight $ω$ on a discrete semigroup $S$, we shall investigate pointwise amenability/Connes amenability of $\ell^1(S,ω)$ in terms of diagonals.
We investigate uniform, strong, weak and almost weak stability of multiplication semigroups on Banach space valued $L^p$-spaces. We show that, under certain conditions, these properties can be characterized by analogous ones of the pointwise semigroups. Using techniques from selector theory, we prove a spectral mapping theorem for the point spectra of the pointwise and global semigroups and apply this as a major tool for determining almost weak stability.
We study the pointwise multiplier property of the characteristic function of the half-space on weighted mixed-norm anisotropic vector-valued function spaces of Bessel potential and Triebel-Lizorkin type.
We develop a generalized Littlewood-Paley theory for semigroups acting on $L^p$-spaces of functions with values in uniformly convex or smooth Banach spaces. We characterize, in the vector-valued setting, the validity of the one-sided inequalities concerning the generalized Littlewood-Paley-Stein $g$-function associated with a subordinated Poisson symmetric diffusion semigroup by the martingale cotype and type properties of the underlying Banach space. We show that in the case of the usual Poisson semigroup and the Poisson semigroup subordinated to the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck semigroup on ${\mathbb …
In this paper we prove a randomized difference norm characterization for Bessel potential spaces with values in UMD Banach spaces. The main ingredients are $\mathcal{R}$-boundedness results for Fourier multiplier operators, which are of independent interest. As an application we characterize the pointwise multiplier property of the indicator function of the half-space on these spaces. All results are proved in the setting of weighted spaces.
We prove a vector-valued version of Carleson's theorem: Let Y=[X,H]_t be a complex interpolation space between a UMD space X and a Hilbert space H. For p\in(1,\infty) and f\in L^p(T;Y), the partial sums of the Fourier series of f converge to f pointwise almost everywhere. Apparently, all known examples of UMD spaces are of this intermediate form Y=[X,H]_t. In particular, we answer affirmatively a question of Rubio de Francia on the pointwise convergence of Fourier series of Schatten class valued functions.
We investigate pointwise multipliers on vector-valued function spaces over $\mathbb{R}^d$, equipped with Muckenhoupt weights. The main result is that in the natural parameter range, the characteristic function of the half-space is a pointwise multiplier on Bessel-potential spaces with values in a UMD Banach space. This is proved for a class of power weights, including the unweighted case, and extends the classical result of Shamir and Strichartz. The multiplication estimate is based on the paraproduct technique and a randomized Littlewood-Paley decomposition. An analogous result is obtained fo…
We give sufficient conditions on an operator space $E$ and on a semigroup of operators on a von Neumann algebra $M$ to obtain a bounded analytic or a $R$-analytic semigroup $(T_t \otimes Id_E)_{t \geq 0}$ on the vector valued noncommutative $L^p$-space $L^p(M,E)$. Moreover, we give applications to the $H^\infty(Σ_θ)$ functional calculus of the generators of these semigroups, generalizing some earlier work of M. Junge, C. Le Merdy and Q. Xu.
Given $T\subset\mathbb{R}$ and a metric space $M$, we introduce a nondecreasing sequence of pseudometrics $\{ν_n\}$ on $M^T$ (the set of all functions from $T$ into $M$), called the \emph{joint modulus of variation}. We prove that if two sequences of functions $\{f_j\}$ and $\{g_j\}$ from $M^T$ are such that $\{f_j\}$ is pointwise precompact, $\{g_j\}$ is pointwise convergent, and the limit superior of $ν_n(f_j,g_j)$ as $j\to\infty$ is $o(n)$ as $n\to\infty$, then $\{f_j\}$ admits a pointwise convergent subsequence whose limit is a conditionally regulated function. We illustrate the sharpness …
In this paper, we establish UMD lattice-valued variational inequalities for differential operators, ergodic averages and analytic semigroups. These results generalize, on the one hand some scalar-valued variational inequalities in ergodic theory, on the other hand Xu's very recent result on UMD lattice-valued maximal inequality. As a consequence, we deduce the jump estimates and obtain quantitative information on the rate of the pointwise convergence.
Let $P$ be a generalized laplacian on $R^{2n+1}$. It is known that $P$ is the generating functional of semigroups of measures $μ_{t}$ on the Heisenberg group $H^{n}$ and $ν_{t}$ on the Abelian group $R^{2n+1}$. Under some smoothness and growth conditions on the functional $P$ expressed in terms of its Abelian Fourier transform $\widehat{P}$ we show that the semigroup $μ_{t}$ is a kind of perturbation of the semigroup $ν_{t}$. More precisely, we give pointwise estimates for the difference of the densities of the measures $μ_{t}$ and $ν_{t}$. As a consequence we get a description of the asymptot…
We show that the analyticity of semigroups $(T_t)_{t \geq 0}$ of (not necessarily positive) selfadjoint contractive Fourier multipliers on $\mathrm{L}^p$-spaces of any abelian locally compact group is preserved by the tensorisation of the identity operator $\mathrm{Id}_X$ of a Banach space $X$ for a large class of K-convex Banach spaces, answering partially a conjecture of Pisier. The result is even new for semigroups of Fourier multipliers acting on $\mathrm{L}^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$. The proof relies on the use of noncommutative Banach spaces and we give a more general result for semigroups of Fou…
We investigate the transition semigroup of the solution to a stochastic evolution equation $dX(t) = AX(t)dt +dW_H(t)$, $t\ge 0,$ where $A$ is the generator of a $C_0$-semigroup $S$ on a separable real Banach space $E$ and $W_H$ is cylindrical white noise with values in a real Hilbert space $H$ which is continuously embedded in $E$. Various properties of these semigroups, such as the strong Feller property, the spectral gap property, and analyticity, are characterized in terms of the behaviour of $S$ in $H$. In particular we investigate the interplay between analyticity of the transition semigr…
Inspired by a recent work of Hytönen and Naor, we solve a problem left open in our previous work joint with Mart\'ınez and Torrea on the vector-valued Littlewood-Paley-Stein theory for symmetric diffusion semigroups. We prove a similar result in the discrete case, namely, for any $T$ which is the square of a symmetric Markovian operator on a measure space $(Ω, μ)$. Moreover, we show that $T\otimes{\rm Id}_X$ extends to an analytic contraction on $L_p(Ω; X)$ for any $1<p<\infty$ and any uniformly convex Banach space $X$.
We characterize all compact and Hausdorff spaces $X$ which satisfy that for every multiplicative bijection $ϕ$ on $C(X, I)$, there exist a homeomorphism $μ: X \to X$ and a continuous map $p: X \to (0, +\infty)$ such that $$ϕ(f) (x) = f(μ(x))^{p(x)}$$ for every $f \in C(X,I)$ and $x \in X$. This allows us to disprove a conjecture of Marovt (Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. {\bf 134} (2006), 1065-1075). Some related results on other semigroups of functions are also given.
Let E be a type 2 UMD Banach space, H a Hilbert space and let p be in [1,\infty). Consider the following stochastic delay equation in E: dX(t) = AX(t) + CX_t + b(X(t),X_t)dW_H(t), t>0; X(0) = x_0; X_0 = f_0. Here A : D(A) -> E is the generator of a C_0-semigroup, the operator C is given by a Riemann-Stieltjes integral, B : E x L^p(-1,0;E) -> γ(H,E) is a Lipschitz function and W_H is an H-cylindrical Brownian motion. We prove that a solution to \eqref{SDE1} is equivalent to a solution to the corresponding stochastic Cauchy problem, and use this to prove the existence, uniqueness and continuity …
In this paper, we establish $\mathcal B$-valued variational inequalities for differential operators, ergodic averages and symmetric diffusion semigroups under the condition that Banach space $\mathcal B$ has martingale cotype property. These results generalize, on the one hand Pisier and Xu's result on the variational inequalities for $\mathcal B$-valued martingales, on the other hand many classical variational inequalities in harmonic analysis and ergodic theory. Moreover, we show that Rademacher cotype $q$ is necessary for the $\mathcal B$-valued $q$-variational inequalities. As applications…
We analyse $C_0$-semigroups of contractive operators on real-valued $L^p$-spaces for $p \not= 2$ and on other classes of non-Hilbert spaces. We show that, under some regularity assumptions on the semigroup, the geometry of the unit ball of those spaces forces the semigroup's generator to have only trivial (point) spectrum on the imaginary axis. This has interesting consequences for the asymptotic behaviour as $t \to \infty$. For example, we can show that a contractive and eventually norm continuous $C_0$-semigroup on a real-valued $L^p$-space automatically converges strongly if $p \not\in \{1,…
Banach spaces that are complemented in the second dual are characterised precisely as those spaces $X$ which enjoy the property that for every amenable semigroup $S$ there exists an $X$-valued analogue of an invariant mean defined on the Banach space of all bounded $X$-valued functions on $S$. This was first observed by Bustos Domecq (J. Math. Anal. Appl., 2002), however the original proof was slightly flawed as remarked by Lipecki. The primary aim of this note is to present a corrected version of the proof. We also demonstrate that universally separably injective spaces always admit invariant…
Let $T\subset\mathbb{R}$ and $(X,\mathcal{U})$ be a uniform space with an at most countable gage of pseudometrics $\{d_p:p\in\mathcal{P}\}$ of the uniformity $\mathcal{U}$. Given $f\in X^T$ (=the family of all functions from $T$ into $X$), the approximate variation of $f$ is the two-parameter family $\{V_{\varepsilon,p}(f):\varepsilon>0,p\in\mathcal{P}\}$, where $V_{\varepsilon,p}(f)$ is the greatest lower bound of Jordan's variations $V_p(g)$ on $T$ with respect to $d_p$ of all functions $g\in X^T$ such that $d_p(f(t),g(t))\le\varepsilon$ for all $t\in T$. We establish the following pointwise…
We consider the fractional derivative of a general Poisson semigroup. With this fractional derivative we define the generalized fractional Littlewood-Paley $g$-function for semigroups acting on $L^p$-spaces of functions with values in Banach spaces. We give a characterization of the classes of Banach spaces for which the fractional Litlewood-Paley $g$-function is bounded on $L^p$-spaces. We show that the class of Banach spaces is independent of the order of derivation and coincides with the classical (Lusin type/cotype) case. It is also shown that the same kind of results exist for the case of…
Given a map from a rectangle in the n-dimensional real Euclidean space into a metric semigroup, we introduce a concept of the total variation, which generalizes a similar concept due to T. H. Hildebrandt (1963) for real functions of two variables and A. S. Leonov (1998) for real functions of n variables, and study its properties. We show that the total variation has many classical properties of Jordan's variation such as the additivity, generalized triangle inequality and sequential lower semicontinuity. We prove two variants of a pointwise selection principle of Helly-type, one of which is as…
We prove that the operator norm of every Banach space valued Calderon-Zygmund operator T on the weighted Lebesgue-Bochner space depends linearly on the Muckenhoupt A_2 characteristic of the weight. In parallel with the proof of the real-valued case, the proof is based on pointwise dominating every Banach space valued Calderon-Zygmund operator by a series of positive dyadic shifts. In common with the real-valued case, the pointwise dyadic domination relies on Lerner's local oscillation decomposition formula, which we extend from real-valued functions to Banach space valued functions. The extens…
Let $\{T_t\}_{t>0}$ be a strongly continuous semigroup of positive contractions on $L_p(X,μ)$ with $1<p<\infty$. Let $E$ be a UMD Banach lattice of measurable functions on another measure space $(Ω,ν)$. For $f\in L_p(X; E)$ define $$\mathcal M(f)(x, ω)=\sup_{t>0}\frac1t\Big|\int_0^tT_s(f(\cdot,ω))(x)ds\Big|,\quad (x,ω)\in X\timesΩ.$$ Then the following maximal ergodic inequality holds $$\big\|\mathcal M(f)\big\|_{L_p(X; E)}\lesssim \big\|f\big\|_{L_p(X; E)},\quad f\in L_p(X; E).$$ If the semigroup $\{T_t\}_{t>0}$ is additionally assumed to be analytic, then $\{T_t\}_{t>0}$ extends to an analyt…
We prove that every reversible Markov semigroup which satisfies a Poincaré inequality satisfies a matrix-valued Poincaré inequality for Hermitian $d\times d$ matrix valued functions, with the same Poincaré constant. This generalizes recent results [Aoun et al. 2019, Kathuria 2019] establishing such inequalities for specific semigroups and consequently yields new matrix concentration inequalities. The short proof follows from the spectral theory of Markov semigroup generators.
We determine the complex-valued solutions of the following functional equation \[f(xy)+μ(y)f(σ(y)x) = 2f(x)g(y),\quad x,y\in S,\] where $S$ is a semigroup and $σ$ an automorphism, $μ:S\rightarrow \mathbb{C}$ is a multiplicative function such that $μ(xσ(x))=1$ for all $x\in S$.
In this paper we characterize multiplication operators induced by operator valued maps on Banach function spaces. We also study multiplication semigroups and stability of these operators.
A theorem of Siebert asserts that if a sequence of semigroups of probability measures on a Lie group G is weakly convergent to a semigroup of the same type, then the corresponding generating functionals are convergent in the weak operator topology in every unitary representation of the group.The aim of this note is to give a simple proof of the theorem and propose some improvements. In particular, we completely avoid employing unitary representations by showing simply that under the same hypothesis the generating functionals are convergent pointwise on C^2(G). As a corollary,the above thesis o…
We present a spectral mapping theorem for continuous semigroups of operators on any Banach space $E$. The condition for the hyperbolicity of a semigroup on $E$ is given in terms of the generator of an evolutionary semigroup acting in the space of $E$-valued functions. The evolutionary semigroup generated by the propagator of a nonautonomous differential equation in $E$ is also studied. A ``discrete'' technique for the investigating of the evolutionary semigroup is developed and applied to describe the hyperbolicity (exponential dichotomy) of the nonautonomuos equation. File Length: 68K
We prove a general sparse domination theorem in a space of homogeneous type, in which a vector-valued operator is controlled pointwise by a positive, local expression called a sparse operator. We use the structure of the operator to get sparse domination in which the usual $\ell^1$-sum in the sparse operator is replaced by an $\ell^r$-sum. This sparse domination theorem is applicable to various operators from both harmonic analysis and (S)PDE. Using our main theorem, we prove the $A_2$-theorem for vector-valued Calderón--Zygmund operators in a space of homogeneous type, from which we deduce an…
The present paper, is devoted to investigation of operator--valued Fourier multiplier theorems from $B_{q_{1},r}^{s}$ to $B_{q_{2},r}^{s}$, optimal embedding of Besov spaces, the separability and positivity of differential operators. Here, we show that these differential operators generate analytic semigroup.
In this paper we characterize the discrete Hölder spaces by means of the heat and Poisson semigroups associated to the discrete Laplacian. These characterizations allow us to get regularity properties of fractional powers of the discrete Laplacian and the Bessel potentials along these spaces and also in the discrete Zygmund spaces in a more direct way than using the pointwise definition of the spaces. To obtain our results, it has been crucial to get boundedness properties of the heat and Poisson kernels and their derivatives in both space and time variables. We believe that these estimates ar…
We prove that every bounded, positive, irreducible, stochastically continuous semigroup on the space of bounded, measurable functions which is strong Feller, consists of kernel operators and possesses an invariant measure converges pointwise. This differs from Doob's theorem in that we do not require the semigroup to be Markovian and request a fairly weak kind of irreducibility. In addition, we elaborate on the various notions of kernel operators in this context, show the stronger result that the adjoint semigroup converges strongly and discuss as an example diffusion equations on rough domain…
We give a simple and direct treatment of the strong convergence of quantum random walks to quantum stochastic operator cocycles, via the semigroup decomposition of such cocycles. Our approach also delivers convergence of the pointwise product of quantum random walks to the quantum stochastic Trotter product of the respective limit cocycles, thereby revealing the algebraic structure of the limiting procedure. The repeated quantum interactions model is shown to fit nicely into the convergence scheme described.
The \textit{method of semigroups} is a unifying, widely applicable, general technique to formulate and analyze fundamental aspects of fractional powers of operators $L$ and their regularity properties in related functional spaces. The approach was introduced by the author and José L.~Torrea in 2009 (arXiv:0910.2569v1). The aim of this chapter is to show how the method works in the particular case of the fractional Laplacian $L^s=(-Δ)^s$, $0<s<1$. The starting point is the semigroup formula for the fractional Laplacian. From here, the classical heat kernel permits us to obtain the pointwise for…
We characterize the $L^1(E;μ_\infty)$-spectrum of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operator, where $μ_\infty$ is the invariant measure for the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck semigroup. The main result covers the general case of an infinite-dimensional Banach space E under the assumption that the point spectrum of drift operator $A^*$ is nonempty. This extends several recent related results.
It is shown that operator-selfdecomposable measures, or more precisely their Urbanik decomposability semigroups, induce generalized Mehler semigroups of bounded linear operators. Moreover, those semigroups can be represented as random integrals of operator valued functions with respect to stochastic Lévy processes. Our Banach space setting is in the contrast with the Hilbert spaces on which so far and most often the generalized Mehler semigroups were studied. Furthermore, we give new proofs of the random integral representation.
Let $\{T(t)\}_{t\geq 0}$ be a $C_0$-semigroup of bounded linear operators on the Banach space ${X}$ into itself and let $A$ be their infinitesimal generator. In this paper, we show that if $T(t)$ is uniformly ergodic, then $A$ does not have the single valued extension property, which implies that $A$ must have a nonempty interior of the point spectrum. Furthermore, we introduce the local mean ergodic for $C_0$-semigroup $T(t)$ at a vector $x\in X$ and we establish some conditions implying that $T(t)$ is a local mean ergodic at $x$.
If $z\mapsto a_z$ is a holomorphic function with values in the sectorial forms in a Hilbert space, then the associated operator valued function $z\mapsto A_z$ is resolvent holomorphic. We give a proof of this result of Kato, on the basis of the Lax-Milgram lemma. We also show that the $C_0$-semigroups $T_z$ generated by $-A_z$ depend holomorphically on $z$.
For a compact space $K$ we denote by $C_w(K)$ ($C_p(K)$) the space of continuous real-valued functions on $K$ endowed with the weak (pointwise) topology. In this paper we address the following basic question which seems to be open: Suppose that $K$ is an infinite (metrizable) compact space. Is it true that $C_w(K)$ and $C_p(K)$ are homeomorphic? We show that the answer is "no", provided $K$ is an infinite compact metrizable $C$-space. In particular our proof works for any infinite compact metrizable finite-dimemsional space $K$.
In this paper we study the forward integral of operator-valued processes with respect to a cylindrical Brownian motion. In particular, we provide conditions under which the approximating sequence of processes of the forward integral, converges to the stochastic integral process with respect to Sobolev norms of smoothness alpha < 1/2. This result will be used to derive a new integration by parts formula for the forward integral.
We consider positive semidefinite kernels valued in the $*$-algebra of adjointable operators on a VE-space (Vector Euclidean space) and that are invariant under actions of $*$-semigroups. A rather general dilation theorem is stated and proved: for these kind of kernels, representations of the $*$-semigroup on either the VE-spaces of linearisation of the kernels or on their reproducing kernel VE-spaces are obtainable. We point out the reproducing kernel fabric of dilation theory and we show that the general theorem unifies many dilation results at the non topological level.
Brezis-Lieb lemma is a refinement of Fatou lemma providing an evaluation of the gap between the integral for a sequence and the integral for its pointwise limit. This note studies the question if such gap can be evaluated when there is no a.e. convergence. In particular, it gives the same lower bound for the gap in L^p as the gap in the Brezis-Lieb lemma (including the case vector-valued functions) provided that p is greater or equal than 3 and the sequence converges both weakly and weakly in the sense of a duality map. It also shows that the statement is false if p<3. An application is given …
We provide a new and significantly shorter optimality proof of recent quantified Tauberian theorems, both in the setting of vector-valued functions and of $C_0$-semigroups, and in fact our results are also more general than those currently available in the literature. Our approach relies on a novel application of the open mapping theorem.
We study self-adjoint semigroups of partial isometries on a Hilbert space. These semigroups coincide precisely with faithful representations of abstract inverse semigroups. Groups of unitary operators are specialized examples of self-adjoint semigroups of partial isometries. We obtain a general structure result showing that every self-adjoint semigroup of partial isometries consists of "generalized weighted composition" operators on a space of square-integrable Hilbert-space valued functions. If the semigroup is irreducible and contains a compact operator then the underlying measure space is p…
In this paper we introduce Laguerre expansions to approximate vector-valued functions expanding on the well-known scalar theorem. We apply this result to approximate $C_0$-semi\-groups and resolvent operators in abstract Banach spaces. We study certain Laguerre functions, its Laplace transforms and the convergence of Laguerre series in Lebesgue spaces. The concluding section of this paper is devote to consider some examples of $C_0$-semigroups: shift, convolution and holomorphic semigroups where some of these results are improved.
Let $f$ be a non-constant complex-valued analytic function defined on a connected, open set containing the $L^p$-spectrum of the Laplacian $\mathcal L$ on a homogeneous tree. In this paper we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the semigroup $T(t)=e^{tf(\mathcal{L})}$ to be chaotic on $L^{p}$-spaces. We also study the chaotic dynamics of the semigroup $T(t)=e^{t(a\mathcal{L}+b)}$ separately and obtain the sharp range of $b$ for which $T(t)$ is chaotic on $L^{p}$-spaces. It includes some of the important semigroups, such as the heat semigroup and the Schrödinger semigroup.
