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arXiv 0705.2073astro-ph
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恒星形成过程中喷流和外流的驱动机制

Driving Mechanism of Jets and Outflows in Star Formation Process

Masahiro N. Machida, Shu-ichiro Inutsuka, Tomoaki Matsumoto

摘要:

采用电阻MHD嵌套网格模拟方法研究了恒星形成过程中喷流和外流的驱动机制。我们计算了从分子云核心到恒星核心的云演化。在坍缩的云核中,我们发现了两种不同的流动:低速流动(sim 5 km/s),具有宽的张开角,从绝热核心驱动,和高速流动(sim 30 km/s),具有良好的准直性,从原恒星驱动。原恒星形成后,高速流被低速流包围。两个流之间的准直程度的差异是由磁场的强度和磁场线的配置引起的。绝热核周围的磁场很强,并具有沙漏结构;因此,来自绝热核的流动主要由磁离心机制驱动,并由沙漏状场线引导。相比之下,原恒星周围的磁场是弱的,并有一个直的配置,由于欧姆耗散的高密度气体区域。因此,来自原恒星的流动主要由磁压梯度力驱动,并由直磁力线引导。绝热核与原恒星之间引力位深度的不同导致了流速的不同。低速流对应于所观察到的分子流出,而高速流对应于所观察到的光学射流。我们认为外流和射流是由不同的核心驱动的,而不是外流被射流夹带。

英文摘要:

The driving mechanism of jets and outflows in star formation process is studied using resistive MHD nested grid simulations. We calculated cloud evolution from the molecular cloud core to the stellar core. In the collapsing cloud core, we found two distinct flows: Low-velocity flows (sim 5 km/s) with a wide opening angle, driven from the adiabatic core, and high-velocity flows (sim 30 km/s) with good collimation, driven from the protostar. High-velocity flows are enclosed by low-velocity flows after protostar formation. The difference in the degree of collimation between the two flows is caused by the strength of the magnetic field and configuration of the magnetic field lines. The magnetic field around an adiabatic core is strong and has an hourglass configuration; therefore, flows from the adiabatic core are driven mainly by the magnetocentrifugal mechanism and guided by the hourglass-like field lines. In contrast, the magnetic field around the protostar is weak and has a straight configuration owing to Ohmic dissipation in the high-density gas region. Therefore, flows from the protostar are driven mainly by the magnetic pressure gradient force and guided by straight field lines. Differing depth of the gravitational potential between the adiabatic core and the protostar cause the difference of the flow speed. Low-velocity flows correspond to the observed molecular outflows, while high-velocity flows correspond to the observed optical jets. We suggest that the outflow and the jet are driven by different cores, rather than that the outflow being entrained by the jet.

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