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arXiv 0705.0095cond-mat.supr-con
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Josephson相位量子比特相干振荡的温度依赖性

Temperature dependence of coherent oscillations in Josephson phase qubits

J. Lisenfeld, A. Lukashenko, M. Ansmann, J. M. Martinis, A. V. Ustinov

摘要:

实验研究了微波脉冲驱动下超导相位量子比特中拉比振荡和拉姆齐条纹的温度依赖性。在很宽的温度范围内,我们发现这些相干振荡的衰减时间和振幅几乎不受热涨落的影响。对于未驱动的量子比特,在从热激活逃逸到量子隧穿的交叉温度以上观察到振荡。在两能级极限下,一旦热涨落的能量kT大于量子比特的能级间距,相干量子比特响应迅速消失。我们的观测为超导量子比特中退相干的起源提供了新的线索。实验数据表明,在不降低已经实现的相干时间的情况下,相位量子比特可以在比目前报道的温度高得多的温度下运行。

英文摘要:

We experimentally investigate the temperature dependence of Rabi oscillations and Ramsey fringes in superconducting phase qubits driven by microwave pulses. In a wide range of temperatures, we find that both the decay time and the amplitude of these coherent oscillations remain nearly unaffected by thermal fluctuations. The oscillations are observed well above the crossover temperature from thermally activated escape to quantum tunneling for undriven qubits. In the two-level limit, coherent qubit response rapidly vanishes as soon as the energy of thermal fluctuations kT becomes larger than the energy level spacing of the qubit. Our observations shed new light on the origin of decoherence in superconducting qubits. The experimental data suggest that, without degrading already achieved coherence times, phase qubits can be operated at temperatures much higher than those reported till now.

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