Point-determining graphs are graphs in which no two vertices have the same neighborhoods, co-point-determining graphs are those whose complements are point-determining, and bi-point-determining graphs are those both point-determining and co-point-determining. Bicolored point-determining graphs are point-determining graphs whose vertices are properly colored with white and black. We use the combinatorial theory of species to enumerate these graphs as well as the connected cases.
We introduce the arrow product, a systematic generating function technique for directed graph enumeration. It provides short proofs for previous results of Gessel on the number of directed acyclic graphs and of Liskovets, Robinson and Wright on the number of strongly connected directed graphs. We also recover Robinson's enumerative results on directed graphs where all strongly connected components belong to a given family.
We present new short proofs of known spanning tree enumeration formulae for threshold and Ferrers graphs by showing that the Laplacian matrices of such graphs admit triangular rank-one perturbations. We then characterize the set of graphs whose Laplacian matrices admit triangular rank-one perturbations as the class of special 2-threshold graphs, introduced by Hung, Kloks, and Villaamil. Our work introduces (1) a new characterization of special 2-threshold graphs that generalizes the characterization of threshold graphs in terms of isolated and dominating vertices, and (2) a spanning tree enume…
We give a generating function for the number of graphs with given numerical properties and prescribed weighted number of connected components. As an application, we give a generating function for the number of bipartite graphs of given order, size and number of connected components.
The Young--Fibonacci graph is the Hasse diagram of one of the two (along with the Young lattice) 1-differential graded modular lattices. This explains the interest to path enumeration problems in this graph. We obtain a formula for the number of paths between two vertices of the Young--Fibonacci graph which is polynomial with respect to the minimum of their ranks.
The concept of graph compositions is related to several number theoretic concepts, including partitions of positive integers and the cardinality of the power set of finite sets. This paper examines graph compositions where the total number of components is restricted and illustrates a connection between graph compositions and Stirling numbers of the second kind.
A Deza graph $Γ$ with parameters $(v,k,b,a)$ is a $k$-regular graph with $v$ vertices such that any two distinct vertices have $b$ or $a$ common neighbours, where $b \ge a$. A Deza graph of diameter 2 which is not a strongly regular graph is called a strictly Deza graph. We find all 139 strictly Deza graphs up to 21 vertices.
We prove that the number of single element extensions of $M(K_{n+1})$ is $2^{{n\choose n/2}(1+o(1))}$. This is done using a characterization of extensions as "linear subclasses".
We enumerate labelled and unlabelled Hamiltonian cycles in complete $n$-partite graphs $K_{d,d,\ldots,d}$ having exactly $d$ vertices in each part (in other words, Turán graphs $T(nd, n))$. We obtain recurrence relations that allow us to find the exact values $b_{n}^{(d)}$ of such cycles for arbitrary $n$ and $d$
We present enumeration results on the number of connected graphs up to 10 vertices for which there is at least one other graph with the same spectrum (a cospectral mate), or at least one other graph with the same Smith normal form (coinvariant mate) with respect to several matrices associated to a graph. The present data give some indication that possibly the Smith normal form of the distance Laplacian and the signless distance Laplacian matrices could be a finer invariant to distinguish graphs in cases where other algebraic invariants, such as those derived from the spectrum, fail. Finally, w…
A permutation graph is a graph that can be derived from a permutation, where the vertices correspond to letters of the permutation, and the edges represent inversions. We provide a construction to show that there are infinitely many connected $r$-regular permutation graphs for $r \geq 3$. We prove that all $3$-regular permutation graphs arise from a similar construction. Finally, we enumerate all $3$-regular permutation graphs on $n$ vertices.
We give a complete formula for the characteristic polynomial of hyperplane arrangements $\mathcal J_n$ consisting of the hyperplanes $x_i+x_j=1$, $x_k=0$, $x_l=1$, $ 1\leq i, j, k, l\leq n$. The formula is obtained by associating hyperplane arrangements with graphs, and then enumerating central graphs via generating functions for the number of bipartite graphs of given order, size and number of connected components.
We present the first combinatorial scheme for counting labelled 4-regular planar graphs through a complete recursive decomposition. More precisely, we show that the exponential generating function of labelled 4-regular planar graphs can be computed effectively as the solution of a system of equations, from which the coefficients can be extracted. As a byproduct, we also enumerate labelled 3-connected 4-regular planar graphs, and simple 4-regular rooted maps.
In this paper we are interested in the asymptotic enumeration of bipartite Cayley digraphs and Cayley graphs over abelian groups. Let $A$ be an abelian group and let $ι$ be the automorphism of $A$ defined by $a^ι=a^{-1}$, for every $a\in A$. A Cayley graph $\Cay(A, S)$ is said to have an automorphism group as small as possible if $\Aut(\Cay(A,S)) = \langle A,ι\rangle$. In this paper, we show that, except for two infinite families, almost all bipartite Cayley graphs on abelian groups have automorphism group as small as possible. We also investigate the analogous question for bipartite Cayley di…
We present upper and lower bounds for the number $i_n$ of interval graphs on $n$ vertices. Answering a question posed by Hanlon, we show that the ordinary generating function $I(x) = \sum_{n\ge 0} i_n\,x^n$ for the number $i_n$ of $n$-vertex interval graphs has radius of convergence zero. We also show that the exponential generating function $J(x) = \sum_{n\ge 0} i_n\,x^n/n!$ has radius of convergence at least $1/2$.
We consider "pressing sequences", a certain kind of transformation of graphs with loops into empty graphs, motivated by an application in phylogenetics. In particular, we address the question of when a graph has precisely one such pressing sequence, thus answering an question from Cooper and Davis (2015). We characterize uniquely pressable graphs, count the number of them on a given number of vertices, and provide a polynomial time recognition algorithm. We conclude with a few open questions. Keywords: Pressing sequence, adjacency matrix, Cholesky factorization, binary matrix
We analyze a general model of weighted graphs, introduced by de Panafieu and Ravelomanana (2014) and similar to the "inhomogeneous graph model" of Söderberg (2002). Each vertex receives a "type" among a set of $q$ possibilities as well as a "weight" corresponding to this type, and each edge is weighted according to the types of the vertices it links. The weight of the graph is then the product of the weights of its vertices and edges. We investigate the sum of the weights of such graphs and prove that when the number of edges is small, almost all of them contain no component with more than one…
A well-known problem in Algebraic Combinatorics, is the enumeration of circulant graphs. The failure of Adam's Conjecture for such graphs with order containing a repeated prime, led researchers to investigate the problem using two different methods, namely the multiplier method and the structural method. The former makes use of isomorphism theorems whereas the latter involves Schur rings. Both these methods have already been used to count the number of non-isomorphic circulants of order $p^2$. This research focuses on the extension of these two methods to enumerate circulants of order $p^3$, i…
In this paper we relate a fundamental parameter of a random graph, its degree sequence, to a simple model of nearly independent binomial random variables. This confirms a conjecture made in 1997. As a result, many interesting functions of the joint distribution of graph degrees, such as the distribution of the median degree, become amenable to estimation. Our result is established by proving an asymptotic formula conjectured in 1990 for the number of graphs with given degree sequence. In particular, this gives an asymptotic formula for the number of $d$-regular graphs for all $d$, as $n\to\inf…
A connected planar cubic graph is called an $m$-barrel fullerene and denoted by $F(m,k)$, if it has the following structure: The first circle is an $m$-gon. Then $m$-gon is bounded by $m$ pentagons. After that we have additional k layers of hexagons. At the last circle $m$-pentagons connected to the second $m$-gon. In this paper we asymptotically count by two different methods the number of perfect matchings in $m$-barrel fullerene graphs, as the number of hexagonal layers is large, and show that the results are equal.
Let $G$ be a graph and $A$ the adjacency matrix of $G$. The permanental polynomial of $G$ is defined as $\mathrm{per}(xI-A)$. In this paper some of the results from a numerical study of the permanental polynomials of graphs are presented. We determine the permanental polynomials for all graphs on at most 11 vertices, and count the numbers for which there is at least one other graph with the same permanental polynomial. The data give some indication that the fraction of graphs with a copermanental mate tends to zero as the number of vertices tends to infinity, and show that the permanental poly…
Let $p$ be an odd prime, and $D_{2p}=\langle a,b\mid a^p=b^2=1,bab=a^{-1}\rangle$ the dihedral group of order $2p$. In this paper, we completely classify the cubic Cayley graphs on $D_{2p}$ up to isomorphism by means of spectral method. By the way, we show that two cubic Cayley graphs on $D_{2p}$ are isomorphic if and only if they are cospectral. Moreover, we obtain the number of isomorphic classes of cubic Cayley graphs on $D_{2p}$ by using Gauss' celebrated law of quadratic reciprocity.
Two methods, structural (constructive) and multiplier (analytical), of exact enumeration of undirected and directed circulant graphs of orders 27 and 125 are elaborated and represented in detail here together with intermediate and final numerical data. The first method is based on the known useful classification of circulant graphs in terms of $S$-rings and results in exhaustive listing (with the use of COCO and GAP) of all corresponding $S$-rings of the indicated orders. The latter method is conducted in the framework of a general approach developed earlier for counting circulant graphs of pr…
In this paper we show that two distinct conjectures, the first proposed by Babai and Godsil in $1982$ and the second proposed by Xu in $1998$, concerning the asymptotic enumeration of Cayley graphs are in fact equivalent. This result follows from a more general theorem concerning the asymptotic enumeration of a certain family of Cayley graphs.
In this paper, we provide an algorithm for traversing geometric graphs which visits all vertices, and reports every vertex and edge exactly once. To achieve this, we combine a given geometric graph $G$ with the integer lattice, seen as a graph, in such a way that the resulting hypothetical graph can be traversed using the algorithm in \cite{Chavez}. To overcome the problem with hypothetical vertices and edges, we develop an algorithm for visiting any $k$th neighborhood of a vertex in a graph straight-line drawn in the plane using $O(\log k)$ memory. The memory needed to complete the traversal …
