We consider a list decoding algorithm recently proposed by Pellikaan-Wu \cite{PW2005} for $q$-ary Reed-Muller codes $\mathcal{RM}_q(\ell, m, n)$ of length $n \leq q^m$ when $\ell \leq q$. A simple and easily accessible correctness proof is given which shows that this algorithm achieves a relative error-correction radius of $τ\leq (1 - \sqrt{\ell q^{m-1}/{n}})$. This is an improvement over the proof using one-point Algebraic-Geometric codes given in \cite{PW2005}. The described algorithm can be adapted to decode Product-Reed-Solomon codes.
We then propose a new low complexity recursive algebraic decoding algorithm for Reed-Muller and Product-Reed-Solomon codes. Our algorithm achieves a relative error correction radius of $τ\leq \prod_{i=1}^m (1 - \sqrt{k_i/q})$. This technique is then proved to outperform the Pellikaan-Wu method in both complexity and error correction radius over a wide range of code rates.
In this work we study the list-decoding size of Reed-Muller codes. Given a received word and a distance parameter, we are interested in bounding the size of the list of Reed-Muller codewords that are within that distance from the received word. Previous bounds of Gopalan, Klivans and Zuckerman \cite{GKZ08} on the list size of Reed-Muller codes apply only up to the minimum distance of the code. In this work we provide asymptotic bounds for the list-decoding size of Reed-Muller codes that apply for {\em all} distances. Additionally, we study the weight distribution of Reed-Muller codes. Prior re…
This article is focused on some variations of Reed-Muller codes that yield improvements to the rate for a prescribed decoding performance under the Berlekamp-Massey-Sakata algorithm with majority voting. Explicit formulas for the redundancies of the new codes are given.
We give a description of the weighted Reed-Muller codes over a prime field in a modular algebra. A description of the homogeneous Reed-Muller codes in the same ambient space is presented for the binary case. A decoding procedure using the Landrock-Manz method is developed.
In this article we count the number of generalized Reed-Solomon (GRS) codes of dimension k and length n, including the codes coming from a non-degenerate conic plus nucleus. We compare our results with known formulae for the number of 3-dimensional MDS codes of length n=6,7,8,9.
The punctured binary Reed-Muller code is cyclic and was generalized into the punctured generalized Reed-Muller code over $\gf(q)$ in the literature. The major objective of this paper is to present another generalization of the punctured binary Reed-Muller code. Another objective is to construct a family of reversible cyclic codes that are related to the newly generalized Reed-Muller codes.
This paper proposes a new class of multi-dimensional nonsystematic Reed-Solomon codes that are constructed based on the multi-dimensional Fourier transform over a finite field. The proposed codes are the extension of the nonsystematic Reed-Solomon codes to multi-dimension. This paper also discusses the performance of the multi-dimensional nonsystematic Reed-Solomon codes.
Recently, Bhaintwal and Wasan studied the Generalized Reed-Muller codes over the prime power integer residue ring. In this paper, we give a generalization of these codes to Generalized Reed-Muller codes over Galois rings.
Maximum distance separable (MDS) codes are optimal where the minimum distance cannot be improved for a given length and code size. Twisted Reed-Solomon codes over finite fields were introduced in 2017, which are generalization of Reed-Solomon codes. Twisted Reed-Solomon codes can be applied in cryptography which prefer the codes with large minimum distance. MDS codes can be constructed from twisted Reed-Solomon codes, and most of them are not equivalent to Reed-Solomon codes. In this paper, we first generalize twisted Reed-Solomon codes to generalized twisted Reed-Solomon codes, then we give s…
This paper considers '$δ$-almost Reed-Muller codes', i.e., linear codes spanned by evaluations of all but a $δ$ fraction of monomials of degree at most $d$. It is shown that for any $δ> 0$ and any $\varepsilon>0$, there exists a family of $δ$-almost Reed-Muller codes of constant rate that correct $1/2-\varepsilon$ fraction of random errors with high probability. For exact Reed-Muller codes, the analogous result is not known and represents a weaker version of the longstanding conjecture that Reed-Muller codes achieve capacity for random errors (Abbe-Shpilka-Wigderson STOC '15). Our approach is …
The classical family of Reed-Solomon codes consist of evaluations of polynomials over the finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ of degree less than $k$, at $n$ distinct field elements. These are arguably the most widely used and studied codes, as they have both erasure and error-correction capabilities, among many others nice properties. In this survey we study closely related codes, folded Reed-Solomon codes, which are the first constructive codes to achieve the list decoding capacity. We then study two more codes which also have this feature, \textit{multiplicity codes} and \textit{derivative codes}. …
The new method for Reed-Solomon codes decoding is introduced. The method is based on the star trellis decoding of the binary image of Reed-Solomon codes.
In this paper, by calculating the dual code of the Schur square for the standard twisted Reed-Solomon code, we give a sufficient and necessary condition for the generalized twisted Reed-Solomon code with $h+t\le k-1$ to be self-orthogonal, where $k$ is dimension, $h$ is hook and $t$ is twist. And then, we show that there is no self-orthogonal generalized twisted Reed-Solomon code under some conditions. Furthermore, several classes of self-orthogonal generalized twisted Reed-Solomon codes are constructed, and some of these codes are non-GRS self-orthogonal MDS codes or NMDS codes.
We propose an alternative method for collaborative decoding of interleaved Reed-Solomon codes. Simulation results for a concatenated coding scheme using polar codes as inner codes are included.
Interleaved Reed-Solomon codes are applied in numerous data processing, data transmission, and data storage systems. They are generated by interleaving several codewords of ordinary Reed-Solomon codes. Usually, these codewords are decoded independently by classical algebraic decoding methods. However, by collaborative algebraic decoding approaches, such interleaved schemes allow the correction of error patterns beyond half the minimum distance, provided that the errors in the received signal occur in bursts. In this work, collaborative decoding of interleaved Reed-Solomon codes by multi-sequen…
We define a virtual projection of a Reed-Solomon code $RS(q^{l},n,k)$ to an $RS(q,n,k)$ Reed-Solomon code. A new probabilistic decoding algorithm that can be used to perform fractional decoding beyond the $α$- decoding radius is considered. An upper bound for the failure probability of the new algorithm is given, and the performance is illustrated by examples.
It is well-known that Reed-Solomon codes and extended Reed-Solomon codes are two special classes of MDS codes with wide applications in practice. The complete weight enumerators of these codes are very important for determining the capability of both error-detection and error-correction. In this paper, for any positive integer $m$ and prime $p$, basing on the character sums, we determine the complete weight enumerators of the Reed-Solomon code and the extended Reed-Solomon code with dimension $k$ $(k=2,3)$ over $\mathbb{F}_{p^m}$, explictly, which are generalizations of the corresponding resul…
In this paper, by using some properties for linear algebra methods, the parity-check matrices for twisted generalized Reed-Solomon codes with any given hook $h$ and twist $t$ are presented, and then a sufficient and necessary condition for the twisted generalized Reed-Solomon code with $h\ge t$ to be self-dual is given. Furthermore, several classes of self-dual codes with small Singleton defect are constructed based on twisted generalized Reed-Solomon codes, especially some of these self-dual codes are MDS or NMDS.
We propose to reduce the decoding complexity of polar codes with non-Arikan kernels by employing a (near) ML decoding algorithm for the codes generated by kernel rows. A generalization of the order statistics algorithm is presented for soft decoding of Reed-Solomon codes. Algebraic properties of the Reed-Solomon code are exploited to increase the reprocessing order. The obtained algorithm is used as a building block to obtain a decoder for polar codes with Reed-Solomon kernel.
First, a new proof of Berman and Charpin's characterization of the Reed-Muller codes over the binary field or over an arbitrary prime field is presented. These codes are considered as the powers of the radical of a modular algebra. Secondly, the same method is used for the study of the Generalized Reed-Muller codes over a non prime field.
In this paper, we study the third weight of generalized Reed-Muller codes. We prove under some restrictive condition that the third weight of generalized Reed-Muller codes depends on the third weight of generalized Reed-Muller codes of small order with two variables. In some cases, we are able to determine the third weight and the third weight codewords of generalized Reed-Muller codes.
The weight distribution of second order $q$-ary Reed-Muller codes have been determined by Sloane and Berlekamp (IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. IT-16, 1970) for $q=2$ and by McEliece (JPL Space Programs Summary, vol. 3, 1969) for general prime power $q$. Unfortunately, there were some mistakes in the computation of the latter one. This paper aims to provide a precise account for the weight distribution of second order $q$-ary Reed-Muller codes. In addition, the weight distributions of second order $q$-ary homogeneous Reed-Muller codes and second order $q$-ary projective Reed-Muller codes are …
In this note, we give a very simple description of the generalized Hamming weights of Reed--Muller codes. For this purpose, we generalize the well-known Macaulay representation of a nonnegative integer and state some of its basic properties.
This paper presents a method to determine a set of basis polynomials from the extended Euclidean algorithm that allows Generalized Minimum Distance decoding of Reed-Solomon codes with a complexity of O(nd).
The hull of a linear code is defined to be the intersection of the code and its dual. When the size of the hull is small, it has been proved that some algorithms for checking permutation equivalence of two linear codes and computing the automorphism group of a linear code are very effective in general. Maximum distance separable (MDS) codes are codes meeting the Singleton bound. Twisted Reed-Solomon codes is a generalization of Reed-Solomon codes, which is also a nice construction for MDS codes. In this short letter, we obtain some twisted Reed-Solomon MDS codes with one-dimensional hull. More…
Reed-Solomon codes and Gabidulin codes have maximum Hamming distance and maximum rank distance, respectively. A general construction using skew polynomials, called skew Reed-Solomon codes, has already been introduced in the literature. In this work, we introduce a linearized version of such codes, called linearized Reed-Solomon codes. We prove that they have maximum sum-rank distance. Such distance is of interest in multishot network coding or in singleshot multi-network coding. To prove our result, we introduce new metrics defined by skew polynomials, which we call skew metrics, we prove that…
We study the problem of classifying deep holes of Reed-Solomon codes. We show that this problem is equivalent to the problem of classifying MDS extensions of Reed-Solomon codes by one digit. This equivalence allows us to improve recent results on the former problem. In particular, we classify deep holes of Reed-Solomon codes of dimension greater than half the alphabet size. We also give a complete classification of deep holes of Reed Solomon codes with redundancy three in all dimensions.
We give a new proof of Delsarte, Goethals and Mac williams theorem on minimal weight codewords of generalized Reed-Muller codes published in 1970. To prove this theorem, we consider intersection of support of minimal weight codewords with affine hyperplanes and we proceed by recursion.
In 1981, Schatz proved that the covering radius of the binary Reed-Muller code $RM(2,6)$ is 18. For $RM(2,7)$, we only know that its covering radius is between 40 and 44. In this paper, we prove that the covering radius of the binary Reed-Muller code $RM(2,7)$ is at most 42. Moreover, we give a sufficient and necessary condition for Boolean functions of 7-variable to achieve the second-order nonlinearity 42.
We introduce Reed-Solomon-Gabidulin codes which is, at the same time, an extension to Reed-Solomon codes on the one hand and Gabidulin codes on the other hand. We prove that our codes have good properties with respect to the minimal distance and design an efficient decoding algorithm.
Maximum-likelihood decoding is one of the central algorithmic problems in coding theory. It has been known for over 25 years that maximum-likelihood decoding of general linear codes is NP-hard. Nevertheless, it was so far unknown whether maximum- likelihood decoding remains hard for any specific family of codes with nontrivial algebraic structure. In this paper, we prove that maximum-likelihood decoding is NP-hard for the family of Reed-Solomon codes. We moreover show that maximum-likelihood decoding of Reed-Solomon codes remains hard even with unlimited preprocessing, thereby strengthening a …
We generalize to any q a theorem about covering radius of linear codes proved by Helleseth, Klove and Mykkelvit. Then we determine the covering radius of first order generalized Reed-Muller codes in second order generalized Reed-Muller codes. Using these results, we are able to give bounds for the covering radius of first order generalized Reed-Muller codes. Finaly, using Magma, we get some improvements for q=3.
Both linear complementary dual (LCD) codes and maximum distance separable (MDS) codes have good algebraic structures, and they have interesting practical applications such as communication systems, data storage, quantum codes, and so on. So far, most of LCD MDS codes have been constructed by employing generalized Reed-Solomon codes. In this paper we construct some classes of new Euclidean LCD MDS codes and Hermitian LCD MDS codes which are not monomially equivalent to Reed-Solomon codes, called LCD MDS codes of non-Reed- Solomon type. Our method is based on the constructions of Beelen et al. (…
Two concatenated coding schemes incorporating algebraic Reed-Solomon (RS) codes and polarization-adjusted convolutional (PAC) codes are proposed. Simulation results show that at a bit error rate of $10^{-5}$, a concatenated scheme using RS and PAC codes has more than $0.25$ dB coding gain over the NASA standard concatenation scheme, which uses RS and convolutional codes.
This paper presents a method to merge Generalized Minimum Distance decoding of Reed-Solomon codes with the extended Euclidean algorithm. By merge, we mean that the steps taken to perform the Generalized Minimum Distance decoding are similar to those performed by the extended Euclidean algorithm. The resulting algorithm has a complexity of O(n^2).
We consider weighted Reed-Muller codes over point ensemble $S_1 \times...\times S_m$ where $S_i$ needs not be of the same size as $S_j$. For $m = 2$ we determine optimal weights and analyze in detail what is the impact of the ratio $|S_1|/|S_2|$ on the minimum distance. In conclusion the weighted Reed-Muller code construction is much better than its reputation. For a class of affine variety codes that contains the weighted Reed-Muller codes we then present two list decoding algorithms. With a small modification one of these algorithms is able to correct up to 31 errors of the [49, 11, 28] Joyn…
Because of their importance in applications and their quite simple definition, Reed-Solomon codes can be explained in any introductory course on coding theory. However, decoding algorithms for Reed-Solomon codes are far from being simple and it is difficult to fit them in introductory courses for undergraduates. We introduce a new decoding approach, in a self-contained presentation, which we think may be appropriate for introducing error correction of Reed-Solomon codes to nonexperts. In particular, we interpret Reed-Solomon codes by means of the degree of the interpolation polynomial of the c…
Batch codes, introduced by Ishai et al. encode a string $x \in Σ^{k}$ into an $m$-tuple of strings, called buckets. In this paper we consider multiset batch codes wherein a set of $t$-users wish to access one bit of information each from the original string. We introduce a concept of optimal batch codes. We first show that binary Hamming codes are optimal batch codes. The main body of this work provides batch properties of Reed-Müller codes. We look at locality and availability properties of first order Reed-Müller codes over any finite field. We then show that binary first order Reed-Müller c…
In this paper, deep holes of Reed-Solomon (RS) codes are studied. A new class of deep holes for generalized affine RS codes is given if the evaluation set satisfies certain combinatorial structure. Three classes of deep holes for projective Reed-Solomon (PRS) codes are constructed explicitly. In particular, deep holes of PRS codes with redundancy three are completely obtained when the characteristic of the finite field is odd. Most (asymptotically of ratio $1$) of the deep holes of PRS codes with redundancy four are also obtained.
Insertion and deletion (insdel for short) errors are synchronization errors in communication systems caused by the loss of positional information in the message. Reed-Solomon codes have gained a lot of interest due to its encoding simplicity, well structuredness and list-decoding capability in the classical setting. This interest also translates to the insdel metric setting, as the Guruswami-Sudan decoding algorithm can be utilized to provide a deletion correcting algorithm in the insdel metric. Nevertheless, there have been few studies on the insdel error-correcting capability of Reed-Solomon…
In this paper, a new algebraic soft-decision decoding algorithm for Reed-Solomon code is presented. It is based on rational interpolation and the interpolation points are constructed by Berlekamp-Messay algorithm. Unlike the traditional K{ö}tter-Vardy algorithm, new algorithm needs interpolation for two smaller multiplicity matrixes, due to the corresponding factorization algorithm for re-constructing codewords.
An alternative method for collaborative decoding of interleaved Reed-Solomon codes as well as Gabidulin codes for the case of high interleaving degree is proposed. As an example of application, simulation results are presented for a concatenated coding scheme using polar codes as inner codes.
We present an asymptotic limit between correctable and uncor-rectable errors on the Reed-Muller codes of any order. This limit is theoretical and does not depend of any decoding algorithm.
Recent work have shown that Reed-Muller (RM) codes achieve the erasure channel capacity. However, this performance is obtained with maximum-likelihood decoding which can be costly for practical applications. In this paper, we propose an encoding/decoding scheme for Reed-Muller codes on the packet erasure channel based on Plotkin construction. We present several improvements over the generic decoding. They allow, for a light cost, to compete with maximum-likelihood decoding performance, especially on high-rate codes, while significantly outperforming it in terms of speed.
It is proved an amplification of Cusick-Cheon's conjecture on balanced Boolean functions in the cosets of the binary Reed-Muller code RM(k,m) of order k and length 2^m, in the cases where k = 1 or k >= (m-1)/2.
Reed--Solomon codes are a well--studied code class which fulfill the Singleton bound with equality. However, their length is limited to the size $q$ of the underlying field $\mathbb{F}_q$. In this paper we present a code construction which yields codes with lengths of factors of the field size. Furthermore a decoding algorithm beyond half the minimum distance is given and analyzed.
