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基于固定容量通信信道的安全经典比特承诺

Secure Classical Bit Commitment using Fixed Capacity Communication Channels

Adrian Kent

备注：
Proofs of classical security simplified and extended. Precise estimates for practical implementation, showing near perfect security attainable for separations of 10 km. New definitions of successful unveiling and of effective commitment in a redundant bit commitment scheme. New discussion of the deniability of relativistic bit commitments and (a point due to Mueller-Quade and Unruh) their retractability. 32 pages, revtex preprint format. Erratum on p329 of published version corrected
发表信息：
J.Cryptolog. 18 (2005) 313-335
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摘要：

如果相互不信任的A和B双方控制着两个或多个位置合适的站点，狭义相对论可以用来保证A和B交换的一对消息是独立的。在早期的工作中，我们利用这一事实来定义一个相对论比特承诺协议，RBC 1，其中的安全性是通过交换一个序列的消息，其传输速率随时间呈指数级增加。我们在这里定义了一个新的相对论协议，RBC 2，它只需要一个恒定的传输速率，可以实际实施。我们证明了RBC 2允许一个比特承诺无限期地保持对所有经典攻击的无条件安全性。我们研究了它的安全性对量子攻击，并表明它是免疫的攻击类Mayers和Lo-Chau，使非相对论量子比特承诺协议不安全。

英文摘要：

If mutually mistrustful parties A and B control two or more appropriately located sites, special relativity can be used to guarantee that a pair of messages exchanged by A and B are independent. In earlier work, we used this fact to define a relativistic bit commitment protocol, RBC1, in which security is maintained by exchanging a sequence of messages whose transmission rate increases exponentially in time. We define here a new relativistic protocol, RBC2, which requires only a constant transmission rate and could be practically implemented. We prove that RBC2 allows a bit commitment to be indefinitely maintained with unconditional security against all classical attacks. We examine its security against quantum attacks, and show that it is immune from the class of attacks shown by Mayers and Lo-Chau to render non-relativistic quantum bit commitment protocols insecure.

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