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arXiv quant-ph/9901025quant-ph
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如何分享量子秘密

How to share a quantum secret

Richard Cleve, Daniel Gottesman, Hoi-Kwong Lo

摘要:

我们研究量子秘密共享的概念。在((k,n))门限方案中,一个秘密量子态被分成n个部分,使得这些部分中的任意k个都可以用来重建秘密,但是任何k-1个或更少的部分的集合绝对不包含关于秘密的信息。我们证明了阈值方案存在的唯一约束来自量子“不可克隆定理”,它要求n < 2k,并且在所有这些情况下,我们给出了一个((k,n))阈值方案的有效构造.我们还探讨了量子秘密共享方案和量子纠错码之间的异同。一个显着的区别是,虽然大多数现有的量子码将纯态编码为纯态,但量子秘密共享方案在某些情况下必须使用混合态。例如,如果k <= n < 2k-1,则任何((k,n))阈值方案必须分布全局处于混合状态的信息。

英文摘要:

We investigate the concept of quantum secret sharing. In a ((k,n)) threshold scheme, a secret quantum state is divided into n shares such that any k of those shares can be used to reconstruct the secret, but any set of k-1 or fewer shares contains absolutely no information about the secret. We show that the only constraint on the existence of threshold schemes comes from the quantum "no-cloning theorem", which requires that n < 2k, and, in all such cases, we give an efficient construction of a ((k,n)) threshold scheme. We also explore similarities and differences between quantum secret sharing schemes and quantum error-correcting codes. One remarkable difference is that, while most existing quantum codes encode pure states as pure states, quantum secret sharing schemes must use mixed states in some cases. For example, if k <= n < 2k-1 then any ((k,n)) threshold scheme must distribute information that is globally in a mixed state.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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