The standard solution of the Schroedinger equation for the hydrogen atom is analyzed. Comparing with the recently established internal properties of electrons it is found, that these solutions cannot be seen as physically valid states of the electron wave. The paper therefore proposes a new model of hydrogen based on internal properties of electrons. The ground state of the hydrogen system (T=0) is an inertial aggregation within the atomic shell, the calculation yields an atomic radius of 0.330 nm. Electron proton interaction within the atom are treated with a causal and deterministic model, the resonance frequency of the hydrogen system of $ 6.57 \times 10^{15} Hz $ is referred to elastic deformations of its nucleus, resonance levels are a result of boundary conditions for radial electron waves and photon interactions due to nuclear oscillations. Spectral emissions of excited atoms can be referred to a decay of the state of motion of the coupled electron-proton system. The framework developed is essentially deterministic, microphysical processes analyzed are referred to material characteristics of particles involved. Statistical effects are referred to interactions with the atomic environment, the results derived are compatible with the second and third principle of thermodynamics.
In this paper, the off-diagonal geometric phase of thermal state in hydrogen atom under the effects of external magnetic field is considered. Increasing temperature tends to suppress the off-diagonal geometric phase, including 1-order and 2-order cases. On the other hand, the relationship between the geometric phase and external magnetic field is discussed.
We have found an effective method of calculating the Wigner function, being a quantum analogue of joint probability distribution of position and momentum, for bound states of nonrelativistic hydrogen atom. The formal similarity between the eigenfunctions of nonrelativistic hydrogen atom in the momentum representation and Klein-Gordon propagators has allowed the calculation of the Wigner function for an arbitrary bound state of the hydrogen atom. These Wigner functions for some low lying states are depicted and discussed.
We study energy spectrum for hydrogen atom with deformed Heisenberg algebra leading to minimal length. We develop correct perturbation theory free of divergences. It gives a possibility to calculate analytically in the 3D case the corrections to $s$-levels of hydrogen atom caused by the minimal length. Comparing our result with experimental data from precision hydrogen spectroscopy an upper bound for the minimal length is obtained.
We study the dispersion of the "temporally stable" coherent states for the hydrogen atom introduced by Klauder. These are states which under temporal evolution by the hydrogen atom Hamiltonian retain their coherence properties. We show that in the hydrogen atom such wave packets do not move quasi-classically; i.e., they do not follow with no or little dispersion the Keplerian orbits of the classical electron. The poor quantum-classical correspondence does not improve in the semiclassical limit.
We present a phase-space representation of the hydrogen atom using the Kirkwood-Rikaczek distribution function. This distribution allows us to obtain analytical results, which is quite unique because an exact analytical form of the Wigner functions corresponding to the atom states is not known. We show how the Kirkwood-Rihaczek distribution reflects properties of the hydrogen atom wave functions in position and momentum representations.
The long-standing problem of finding coherent states for the (bound state portion of the) hydrogen atom is positively resolved. The states in question: (i) are normalized and are parameterized continuously, (ii) admit a resolution of unity with a positive measure, and (iii) enjoy the property that the temporal evolution of any coherent state by the hydrogen atom Hamiltonian remains a coherent state for all time.
In this paper, the geometric phase of thermal state in hydrogen atom under the effects of external magnetic field is considered. Especially the effects of the temperature upon the geometric phase is discussed. Also we discuss the time evolution of entanglement of the system. They show some similar behaviors.
The term describing the coupling between total angular momentum and energy-momentum in the hydrogen atom is isolated from the radial Dirac equation and used to replace the corresponding orbital angular momentum coupling term in the radial K-G equation. The resulting spin-corrected K-G equation is a second order differential equation that contains no matrices. It is solved here to generate the same energy eigenvalues for the hydrogen atom as the Dirac equation.
The muon transfer probabilities between muonic hydrogen and an oxygen atom are calculated in a constrained geometry one dimensional model for collision between 10^-6 and 10^3 eV. These estimated rates are discussed in the light of previous model calculations and available experimental data for this process.
We illustrate the description of correlated subsystems by studying the simple two-body Hydrogen atom. We study the entanglement of the electron and proton coordinates in the exact analytical solution. This entanglement, which we quantify in the framework of the density matrix formalism, describes correlations in the electron-proton motion.
Taking into account results of WKB-approximation, we derive exact quantum energies and wave functions of even and odd states in the one-dimensional Coulomb potential
The interference of hydrogen atom 2P(1/2) state in a field of a few small overlapping perturbations is considered in view of further applications to experimental data interpretation. On a basis of this model two new experiments are proposed which can clarify some features of Sokolov effect.
The hydrogen atom is investigated, within a pseudo-complex extension of the coordinates and momenta, which introduces a minimal length scale (l) and results into a non-commutative Quantum Mechanics. After resuming the pseudo-complex extension of Quantum Mechanics, the modified energies of the hydrogen atom are deduced, producing corrections of the order of the square of the minimal length scale. Using the Lamb Shift, we obtain an upper boundary for the minimal length scale l, orders of magnitude more restrictive than former estimations.
We investigated the hydrogen atom problem with deformed Heisenberg algebra leading to the existence of minimal length. Using modified perturbation theory developed in our previous work [M. M. Stetsko and V. M. Tkachuk, Phys. Rev. A 74, 012101 (2006)] we calculated the corrections to the arbitrary s-levels for hydrogen atom. We received a simple relation for the estimation of minimal length. We also compared the estimation of minimal length obtained here with the results obtained in the preceding investigations.
An efficient multigrid Monte-Carlo algorithm for calculating the ground state of the hydrogen atom using path integral is presented. The algorithm uses a unigrid approach. The action integral near r=0 is modified so that the correct values of observables are obtained. It is demonstrated that the critical slow down (CSD) is eliminated. Finally, the algorithm is compared to the staging algorithm.
A further argument is provided in the discussion on the correct form of the bound-state momentum wave function of the quasi-one-dimensional hydrogen atom; namely, considering its behavior at the large quantum indices, it is reconfirmed that the complex expression from Olendski (2017) {\it Eur. J. Phys.} {\bf 38} 038001 is a correct one. Groundlessness of other interpretations is also highlighted.
We construct the systems of generalised coherent states for the discrete and continuous spectra of the hydrogen atom. These systems are expressed in elementary functions and are invariant under the $SO(3, 2)$ (discrete spectrum) and $SO(4, 1)$ (continuous spectrum) subgroups of the dynamical symmetry group $SO(4, 2)$ of the hydrogen atom. Both systems of coherent states are particular cases of the kernel of integral operator which interwines irreducible representations of the $SO(4, 2)$ group.
The Kravchuk and Meixner polynomials of discrete variable are introduced for the discrete models of the harmonic oscillator and hydrogen atom. Starting from Rodrigues formula we construct raising and lowering operators, commutation and anticommutation relations. The physical properties of discrete models are figured out through the equivalence with the continuous models obtained by limit process.
We prove that the bound-state momentum-space wave function $ϕ(p)$ for the quasi-one-dimensional hydrogen atom as used by Olendski in two recent publications (Eur. J. Phys.38, 038001(2017), arXiv : 1703.10042v1, 26 Mar2017) is incorrect. Further, we reconfirm that the wave function used by us in Eur. J.. Phys. 38, 025103 is correct.
We show that, in the relativistic Bohm model of a Dirac-like particle, the electron in the ground state of the hydrogen atom is moving, unlike the prediction for the case of a Schrödinger-like particle, where the electron is stationary. This accounts for the empirically observed dilation of the decay time of the muon in the ground state of muonium.
The quantum "Zeno" time of the 2P-1S transition of the hydrogen atom is computed and found to be approximately 3.59 10^{-15}s (the lifetime is approximately 1.595 10^{-9}s). The temporal behavior of this system is analyzed in a purely quantum field theoretical framework and is compared to the exponential decay law.
We study the hydrogen atom confined to a spherical box with impenetrable walls but, unlike earlier pedagogical articles on the subject, we assume that the nucleus also moves. We obtain the ground-state energy approximately by means of first--order perturbation theory and by a more accurate variational approach. We show that it is greater than the one for the case in which the nucleus is clamped at the center of the box. Present approach resembles the well-known treatment of the helium atom with clamped nucleus.
We calculate the ground--state energy and other physical properties of the hydrogen atom inside a spherical box with an impenetrable wall. We apply the variational method and perturbation theory and compare both approximate results. We show that the total, kinetic and potential energies for the moving--nucleus model are greater than those for the case in which the nucleus is clamped at the box center.
We show that the relativistic hydrogen atom possesses an SO(4) symmetry by introducing a kind of pseudo-spin vector operator. The same SO(4) symmetry is still preserved in the relativistic quantum system in presence of an U(1) monopolar vector potential as well as a nonabelian vector potential. Lamb shift and SO(4) symmetry breaking are also discussed.
We construct a system of coherent states for the hydrogen atom that is expressed in terms of elementary functions. Unlike to the previous attempts in this direction, this system possesses the properties equivalent to the most of those for the harmonic oscillator, with modifications due to the character of the problem.
We construct algebra with noncommutativity of coordinates and noncommutativity of momenta which is rotationally invariant and equivalent to noncommutative algebra of canonical type. Influence of noncommutativity on the energy levels of hydrogen atom is studied in rotationally invariant noncommutative phase space. We find corrections to the levels up to the second order in the parameters of noncommutativity and estimate the upper bounds of these parameters.
We apply the Schrödinger factorization to construct the ladder operators for hydrogen atom, Mie-type potential, harmonic oscillator and pseudo-harmonic oscillator in arbitrary dimensions. By generalizing these operators we show that the dynamical algebra for these problems is the $su(1,1)$ Lie algebra.
The well known hypervirial perturbation method (HPM)\ based on hypervirial relations and the Hellmann-Feynman theorem is suitable for the calculation of perturbation corrections of large order for the two-dimensional hydrogen-like atom in a uniform magnetic field. We show analytical results in terms of the quantum numbers and large order corrections for particular states. This approach appears to be simpler and more efficient than the recently proposed one based on Green functions.
The results obtained by Pauli, in his 1926 article on the hydrogen atom, made essential use of the dynamical so(4) symmetry of the bound states. Pauli used this symmetry to compute the perturbed energy levels of an hydrogen atom in a uniform electric field (Stark effect) and in uniform electric and magnetic fields. Although the experimental check of the single Stark effect on the hydrogen atom has been studied experimentally, Pauli's results in mixed fields have been studied only for Rydberg states of rubidium atoms in crossedfields and lithium atoms in parallel fields.
We consider the noncommutative algebra which is rotationally invariant. The hydrogen atom is studied in a rotationally invariant noncommutative space. We find the corrections to the energy levels of the hydrogen atom up to the second order in the parameter of noncommutativity. The upper bound of the parameter of noncommutativity is estimated on the basis of the experimental results for 1s-2s transition frequency.
The nonrelativistic hydrogen atom in $D=3-2ε$ dimensions is the reference system for perturbative schemes used in dimensionally regularized nonrelativistic effective field theories to describe hydrogen-like atoms. Solutions to the $D$-dimensional Schrödinger-Coulomb equation are given in the form of a double power series. Energies and normalization integrals are obtained numerically and also perturbatively in terms of $ε$. The utility of the series expansion is demonstrated by the calculation of the divergent expectation value $\langle (V')^2 \rangle$.
We derive the wave function for N-dimensional hydrogen atom in the momentum representation with the phase factor using the generating function method and Hankel's integral.
The Dirac hydrogen atom with spin symmetry is shown has a SO(4) symmetry. The generators are derived, and the corresponding Casimir operator leads to the energy spectrum naturally. This type hydrogen atom is connected to a four-dimensional Dirac system with equal scalar and vector harmonic oscillator potential, by the Kustaanheimo-Stiefel transformation with a constraint.
Being comparable in quantum systems makes it possible for spaces with varying dimensions to attribute each other using special conversions can attribute schrodinger equation with like-hydrogen atom potential in defined dimensions to a schrodinger equation with other certified dimensions with isotropic oscillator potential. Applying special transformation provides a relationship between different dimensions of two quantum systems. The result of the quantized isotropic oscillator can be generalized to like-hydrogen atom problem in different dimensions. The connection between coordinate spaces in…
Noncommutative space which is rotationally invariant is considered. The hydrogen atom is studied in this space. We exactly find the leading term in the asymptotic expansion of the corrections to the $ns$ energy levels over the small parameter of noncommutativity.
In this Comment, we reanalyze the experiments on the collision frequency shift of the b-c and a-d hyperfine transitions in three-dimensional atomic hydrogen in the presence of, respectively, a and b-state atoms. Accurate consideration of the symmetry of the spatial and spin part of the diatomic wavefunction yields the difference a_T-a_S=0.30(5) Åbetween the triplet and singlet s-wave scattering lengths of hydrogen atoms. This corrects the factor-of two error of the commented work [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 263003 (2008)].
We consider a non-relativistic two-dimensional (2D) hydrogen-like atom in a weak, static, uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the atomic plane. Within the framework of the Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation theory, using the Sturmian expansion of the generalized radial Coulomb Green function, we derive explicit analytical expressions for corrections to an arbitrary planar hydrogenic bound-state energy level, up to the fourth order in the strength of the perturbing magnetic field. In the case of the ground state, we correct an expression for the fourth-order correction to energy available in…
We examine the procedure to construct the variables of use for the momentum representation in quantum mechanics. The momentum variables must be chosen properly conjugate to the corresponding position space variables, such that valid uncertainty relationships are maintained. We then apply such considerations to the hydrogen atom to obtain the momentum space wave functions corresponding to the position space functions in paraboloidal coordinates. The advantages and disadvantages of employing the momentum representation are explored.
The hydrogen atom with the Coulomb interaction is one of the exactly solvable non-relativistic quantum models. Unlike many other exactly solvable models it describes a real physical object providing the formulas for energy levels and stationary state wave functions of a real hydrogen atom. In this paper we modify the model replacing the Coulomb interaction by the interaction of the proton and the electron with the classical electromagnetic field serving as an intermediary transmitting the electromagnetic interaction of these two charged quantum particles.
The discrete spectrum of a q-analogue of the hydrogen atom is obtained from a deformation of the Pauli equations. As an alternative, the spectrum is derived from a deformation of the four-dimensional oscillator arising in the application of the Kustaanheimo-Stiefel transformation to the hydrogen atom. A model of the 2s-2p Dirac shift is proposed in the context of q-deformations.
Using elements of symmetry, as gauge invariance, several aspects of a Schrödinger equation represented in phase-space are introduced and analyzed under physical basis. The Hydrogen atom is explored in the same context. Then we add a Hénon-Heiles potential to the Hydrogen atom in order to explore chaotic features.
We study the hydrogen atom eigenstate energy and wave function in the Rindler space. The probability distribution is tilted because the electric field of the nucleus is no longer spherically symmetric. The hydrogen atom therefore cannot be treated exactly in the same way as what it is in an inertial frame. We also find that if the external force accelerates only the nucleus and then the nucleus accelerates its surrounding electrons through electromagnetic force, the electrons can tunnel through the local energy gap and split the hydrogen atom into an ion. This is similar to what one expects fr…
We investigate the holographic bound utilizing a homogeneous, isotropic, and non-relativistic neutral hydrogen gas present in the de Sitter space. Concretely, we propose to employ de Sitter holography intertwined with quantum deformation of the hydrogen atom using the framework of quantum groups. Particularly, the $\mathcal U_q(so(4))$ quantum algebra is used to construct a finite-dimensional Hilbert space of the hydrogen atom. As a consequence of the quantum deformation of the hydrogen atom, we demonstrate that the Rydberg constant is dependent on the de Sitter radius, $L_Λ$. This feature is …
In this paper we propose a ``quantum reduction procedure'' based on the reduction of algebras of differential operators on a manifold. We use these techniques to show, in a systematic way, how to relate the hydrogen atom to a family of quantum harmonic oscillators, by the means of the Kustaahneimo-Stiefel fibration.
