一般三维量子系统的非阿贝尔几何相位
Non-Abelian Geometrical Phase for General Three-Dimensional Quantum Systems
摘要：
研究了三维希尔伯特空间中任意量子系统的绝热$U(2)$几何相位。在不实际求解瞬时哈密顿量的全本征值问题的情况下，得到了非阿贝尔几何相出现的充分必要条件。明确构造了具有$\xC P^2$结构的系统的参数空间。本文的结果适用于自旋$j=1$系统的任意多极相互作用哈密顿量$H=Q^{i_1,\cdots i_n}J_{i_1}\cdots J_{i_n}$及其线性组合。特别是它表明，核四极哈密顿量$H=Q^{ij}J_iJ_j$实际上导致非阿贝尔几何相位$j=1$。这个系统，玻色子，是时间反演不变的。因此，它不能支持阿贝尔绝热几何相位。
英文摘要：
Adiabatic $U(2)$ geometric phases are studied for arbitrary quantum systems with a three-dimensional Hilbert space. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the occurrence of the non-Abelian geometrical phases are obtained without actually solving the full eigenvalue problem for the instantaneous Hamiltonian. The parameter space of such systems which has the structure of $\xC P^2$ is explicitly constructed. The results of this article are applicable for arbitrary multipole interaction Hamiltonians $H=Q^{i_1,\cdots i_n}J_{i_1}\cdots J_{i_n}$ and their linear combinations for spin $j=1$ systems. In particular it is shown that the nuclear quadrupole Hamiltonian $H=Q^{ij}J_iJ_j$ does actually lead to non-Abelian geometric phases for $j=1$. This system, being bosonic, is time-reversal-invariant. Therefore it cannot support Abelian adiabatic geometrical phases.
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