We examine a recent argument that ``identical'' quantum particles with an anti-symmetric state (fermions) are weakly discernible objects, just like irreflexively related ordinary objects in situations with perfect symmetry (Black's spheres, for example). We conclude that the argument uses a silent premise that is not justified in the quantum case.
Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences(波兰科学院系统研究所);Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences(波兰科学院尼古拉·哥白尼天文学中心);Center of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence, AGH University(AGH大学人工智能卓越中心);Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw(华沙大学物理学院);Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Lodz(罗兹大学物理与应用信息学院);Departament de Física, Universitat de les Illes Balears(巴利阿里群岛大学物理系);CRISP – Centre de Recerca Independent de sa Pobla(萨波布拉独立研究中心)
Contractions of product density operators of systems of identical fermions and bosons
给出了全同迹类算子的反对称和对称乘积的压缩(部分迹)的递推公式和显式公式。证明了全同费米子和玻色子系统的乘积密度算子的收缩分别渐近等价于单个粒子的密度算子的反对称和对称乘积乘以一个归一化整数。渐近等价关系定义在热力学极限的观测值的期望值的状态所代表的给定的密度算子。对于某些较弱的渐近等价关系,考虑到乘积观测量期望值的热力学极限,证明了单粒子密度算符的正规化反对称和对称乘积等价于单粒子密度算符的张量积.本文介绍作者论文[W. Radzki,“Kummer contractions of product密度矩阵of systems of $n$ fermions and $n$ bosons”(Polish),MS thesis,Institute of Physics,Nicolaus Copernicus University,Toruitsu,1999].
Symmetry Breaking as Quantum Gate: Entropy and Weak Mixing Angle
Peking University(北京大学);Zhengzhou University(郑州大学);Beijing Normal University(北京师范大学);Institute of High Energy Physics(高能物理研究所);University of Chinese Academy of Science(中国科学院大学)
研究通过比较熵探测器在电弱对称破缺相变中的变化以及稳定子Rényi熵,揭示了量子门在 chirality 空间中的作用,并通过最小化熵得到与 Z 质子交换通道中纯轴向向量耦合一致的 sin²θ_W 值。