Inelastic collisions occur in Bose-Einstein condensates, in some cases, producing particle loss in the system. Nevertheless, these processes have not been studied in the case when particles do not escape the trap. We show that such inelastic processes are relevant in quantum properties of the system such as the evolution of the relative population, the self trapping effect and the probability distribution of particles. Moreover, including inelastic terms in the model of the two-mode condensate allows for an exact analytical solution. Using this solution, we show that collisions favor the generation of entanglement between the modes of the condensate as long as the collision rate does not exceed the natural frequency of the system.
It has recently been discovered that for certain rates of mode-exchange collisions analytic solutions can be found for a Hamiltonian describing the two-mode Bose-Einstein condensate. We proceed to study the behavior of the system using perturbation theory if the coupling constants only approximately match these parameter constraints. We find that the model is robust to such perturbations. We study the effects of degeneracy on the perturbations and find that the induced changes differ greatly from the non-degenerate case. We also model inelastic collisions that result in particle loss or conden…
An extended notion of quasi-exactly solvable potential model is used here to treat quasi exactly solvable (QES) Bose systems. We report an analytic expression for the Ahoronov Anandan non-adiabatic geometric phase for the QES Bose system in general. The generalized expression is then used to study some particular cases of physical interest and we observe that the geometric phase can be tuned.
It is well known that using the conventional non-Hermitian but ${\cal PT}-$symmetric Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian with real spectrum one can realize the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) process in an exceptional-point limit of order $N$. Such an exactly solvable simulation of the BEC-type phase transition is, unfortunately, incomplete because the standard version of the model only offers an extreme form of the limit characterized by a minimal geometric multiplicity $K=1$. In our paper we describe a rescaled and partitioned direct-sum modification of the linear version of the Bose-Hubbard model whi…
I introduce two family of exactly solvable models for multiatomic hetero-nuclear and homo-nuclear molecular Bose-Einstein condensates through the algebraic Bethe ansatz method. The conserved quantities of the respective models are also showed.
We devise a microscopic scattering approach to probe the excitation spectrum of a Bose-Einstein condensate. We show that the experimentally accessible scattering cross section exhibits universal Ericson fluctuations, with characteristic properties rooted in the underlying classical field equations.
We consider a one dimensional interacting bose-fermi mixture with equal masses of bosons and fermions, and with equal and repulsive interactions between bose-fermi and bose-bose particles. Such a system can be realized in experiments with ultracold boson and fermion isotopes in optical lattices. We use the Bethe-ansatz technique to find the ground state energy at zero temperature for any value of interaction strength and density ratio between bosons and fermions. We prove that the mixture is always stable against demixing. Combining exact solution with the local density approximation we calcul…
We extend the notion of quasi-exactly solvable (QES) models from potential ones and differential equations to Bose systems. We obtain conditions under which algebraization of the part of the spectrum occurs. In some particular cases simple exact expressions for several energy levels of an anharmonic Bose oscillator are obtained explicitly. The corresponding results do not exploit perturbation theory and include strong coupling regime. A generic Hamiltonian under discussion cannot, in contrast to QES potential models, be expressed as a polynomial in generators of $sl_{2}$ algebra. The suggested…
We consider Hamiltonians, which are even polynomials of the forth order with the respect to Bose operators. We find subspaces, preserved by the action of Hamiltonian These subspaces, being finite-dimensional, include, nonetheless, states with an \QTR{it}{infinite} number of quasi-particles, corresponding to the original Bose operators. The basis functions look rather simple in the coherent state representation and are expressed in terms of the degenerate hypergeometric function with respect to the complex variable labeling the representation. In some particular degenerate cases they turn (up t…
We obtained a new class of exactly-solvable potentials by means of the hypergeometric equation for Schrodinger equation, which different from the exactly-solvable potentials introduced by Bose and Natanzon. Using the new class of solvable potentials, we can obtain the corresponding complex PT-invariant potentials. This method can also apply to the other Fuchs equations.
We present a family of many-body models which are exactly solvable analytically. The models are an extended n-body interaction Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model which considers spin-flip terms which are associated with the interaction of an external classical field which coherently manipulates the state of the system in order to, for example, process quantum information. The models also describe a two-mode Bose-Einstein condensate with a Josephson-type interaction which includes n-particle elastic and inelastic collisions. One of the models corresponds to the canonical two-mode Bose-Einstein Hamitoni…
A mixture of two kinds of identical bosons held in a harmonic potential and interacting by harmonic particle-particle interactions is discussed. This is an exactly-solvable model of a mixture of two trapped Bose-Einstein condensates which allows us to examine analytically various properties. Generalizing the treatment in [Cohen and Lee, J. Math. Phys. {\bf 26}, 3105 (1985)], closed form expressions for the ground-state energy, wave-function, and lowest-order densities are obtained and analyzed for attractive and repulsive intra-species and inter-species particle-particle interactions. A partic…
A solvable model of a periodically-driven trapped mixture of Bose-Einstein condensates, consisting of $N_1$ interacting bosons of mass $m_1$ driven by a force of amplitude $f_{L,1}$ and $N_2$ interacting bosons of mass $m_2$ driven by a force of amplitude $f_{L,2}$, is presented. The model generalizes the harmonic-interaction model for mixtures to the time-dependent domain. The resulting many-particle ground Floquet wavefunction and quasienergy, as well as the time-dependent densities and reduced density matrices, are prescribed explicitly and analyzed at the many-body and mean-field levels of…
Preparation of molecular quantum gas promises novel applications including quantum control of chemical reactions, precision measurements, quantum simulation and quantum information processing. Experimental preparation of colder and denser molecular samples, however, is frequently hindered by fast inelastic collisions that heat and deplete the population. Here we report the formation of two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) of spinning $g-$wave molecules by inducing pairing interactions in an atomic condensate. The trap geometry and the low temperature of the molecules help reducing …
An extended Bose-Hubbard (BH) model with number-dependent multi-site and infinite-range hopping is proposed, which, similar to the original BH model, describes a phase transition between the delocalized super-fluid (SF) phase and localized Mott insulator (MI) phase. It is shown that this extended model with local Euclidean E2 symmetry is exactly solvable when on-site local potential or disorder is included, while the model without local potential or disorder is quasi-exactly solvable, which means only a part of the excited states including the ground state being exactly solvable. As applicatio…
We propose a method to control the optical transparency of a Bose-Einstein condensate with working energy levels of the Lambda-type. The reported effects are essentially nonlinear and are considered in the framework of an exactly solvable model describing the interaction of light with a Lambda-type medium. We show how the complicated nonlinear interplay between fast and slow solitons in the $Λ$-type medium points to a possibility to create optical gates as well as to a possibility to store optical information.
A mixture of two kinds of identical bosons, species $1$ and species $2$, held in a harmonic potential and interacting by harmonic intra-species and inter-species particle-particle interactions is discussed. To prove Bose-Einstein condensation of the mixture three steps are needed. First, we integrate the all-particle density matrix, employing a four-parameter matrix recurrence relations, down to the lowest-order intra-species and inter-species reduced density matrices of the mixture. Second, the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii (mean-field) equations of the mixture are solved analytically. Third, we a…
The relative phase between two uncoupled BE condensates tends to attain a specific value when the phase is measured. This can be done by observing their decay products in interference. We discuss exactly solvable models for this process in cases where competing observation channels drive the phases to different sets of values. We treat the case of two modes which both emit into the input ports of two beam splitters, and of a linear or circular chain of modes. In these latter cases, the transitivity of relative phase becomes an issue.
The continuous pumping of atoms into a Bose-Einstein condensate via spontaneous emission from a thermal reservoir is analyzed. We consider the case of atoms with a three-level $Λ$ scheme, in which one of the atomic transitions has a very much shorter life-time than the other one. We found that in such scenario the photon reabsorption in dense clouds can be considered negligible. If in addition inelastic processes can be neglected, we find that optical pumping can be used to continuously load and refill Bose-Einstein condensates, i.e. provides a possible way to achieve a continuous atom laser.
We develop a method for finding the time evolution of exactly solvable models by Bethe ansatz. The dynamical Bethe wavefunction takes the same form as the stationary Bethe wavefunction except for time varying Bethe parameters and a complex phase prefactor. From this, we derive a set of first order nonlinear coupled differential equations for the Bethe parameters, called the dynamical Bethe equations. We find that this gives the exact solution to particular types of exactly solvable models, including the Bose-Hubbard dimer and Tavis-Cummings model. These models go beyond the Gaudin class, and o…
We study the generation of two-mode entanglement in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a double-well potential. By applying the Holstein-Primakoff transformation, we show that the problem is exactly solvable as long as the number of excitations due to atom-atom interactions remains low. In particular, the condensate constitutes a symmetric Gaussian system, thereby enabling its entanglement of formation to be measured directly by the fluctuations in the quadratures of the two constituent components [Giedke {\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 91}, 107901 (2003)]. We discover tha…
In order to assess inelastic effects on two fermion entanglement production, we address an exactly solvable two-particle scattering problem where the target is an excitable scatterer. Useful entanglement, as measured by the two particle concurrence, is obtained from post-selection of oppositely scattered particle states. The $S$ matrix formalism is generalized in order to address non-unitary evolution in the propagating channels. We find the striking result that inelasticity can actually increase concurrence as compared to the elastic case by increasing the uncertainty of the single particle s…
We study the interaction-induced localization -- the so-called self-trapping -- of a neutral impurity atom immersed in a homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). Based on a Hartree description of the BEC we show that -- unlike repulsive impurities -- attractive impurities have a singular ground state in 3d and shrink to a point-like state in 2d as the coupling approaches a critical value. Moreover, we find that the density of the BEC increases markedly in the vicinity of attractive impurities in 1d and 2d, which strongly enhances inelastic collisions between atoms in the BEC. These collisio…
A Bose-Einstein condensate confined in an optical dipole trap is used to generate long-term coherent memory for light, and storage times of more than one second are observed. Phase coherence of the condensate as well as controlled manipulations of elastic and inelastic atomic scattering processes are utilized to increase the storage fidelity by several orders of magnitude over previous schemes. The results have important applications for creation of long-distance quantum networks and for generation of entangled states of light and matter.
We propose a possible scheme for generating spin-J geometric phases using a coupled two-mode Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). First we show how to observe the standard Berry phase using Raman coupling between two hyperfine states of the BEC. We find that the presence of intrinsic interatomic collisions creates degeneracy in energy that allows implementation of the non-Abelian geometric phases as well. The evolutions produced can be used to produce interference between different atomic species with high numbers of atoms or to fine control the difference in atoms between the two species. Finally,…
We study the inelastic scattering of a probe particle on a Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a double-well potential. We identify prominent signatures of the underlying mean-field phase space in the scattering signal and derive an analytical expression for the inelastic scattering cross section.
We report on the existence and stability of freely moving solitons in a spatially inhomogeneous Bose- Einstein condensate with helicoidal spin-orbit (SO) coupling. In spite of the periodically varying parameters, the system allows for the existence of stable propagating solitons. Such states are found in the rotating frame, where the helicoidal SO coupling is reduced to a homogeneous one. In the absence of the Zeeman splitting, the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations describing localized states feature many properties of the integrable systems. In particular, four-parametric families of soliton…
Spin-orbit coupled bosons can exhibit rich equilibrium phases at low temperature and in the presence of particle-particle interactions. In the case with a 1D synthetic spin-orbit interaction, it has been observed that the ground state of a Bose gas can be a normal phase, stripe phase, or magnetized phase in different experimentally controllable parameter regimes. The magnetized states are doubly degenerate and consist of a many-particle two-state system. In this work, we investigate the nonequilibrium quantum dynamics by switching on an external perturbation to induce resonant couplings betwee…
The understanding of nonlinear PT-symmetric quantum systems, arising for example in the theory of Bose-Einstein condensates in PT-symmetric potentials, is widely based on numerical investigations, and little is known about generic features induced by the interplay of PT-symmetry and nonlinearity. To gain deeper insights it is important to have analytically solvable toy-models at hand. In the present paper the stationary states of a simple toy-model of a PT-symmetric system are investigated. The model can be interpreted as a simple description of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a PT-symmetric dou…
We study the scattering of matter-waves from interacting bosons in a one-dimensional optical lattice, described by the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian. We derive analytically a formula for the inelastic cross section as a function of the atomic interaction in the lattice, employing Bogoliubov's formalism for small condensate depletion. A linear decay of the inelastic cross section for weak interaction, independent of number of particles, condensate depletion and system size, is found.
An exactly solvable model mimicking demixing of two Bose-Einstein condensates at the many-body level of theory is devised. Various properties are expressed in closed form along the demixing pathway and investigated. The connection between the center-of-mass coordinate and in particular the relative center-of-mass coordinate and demixing is explained. The model is also exactly solvable at the mean-field level of theory, allowing thereby comparison between many-body and mean-field properties. Applications are briefly discussed.
We present an exactly-solvable $p$-wave pairing model for two bosonic species. The model is solvable in any spatial dimension and shares some commonalities with the $p + ip$ Richardson-Gaudin fermionic model, such as a third order quantum phase transition. However, contrary to the fermionic case, in the bosonic model the transition separates a gapless fragmented singlet pair condensate from a pair Bose superfluid, and the exact eigenstate at the quantum critical point is a pair condensate analogous to the fermionic Moore-Read state.
Inspired by new trends in atomtronics, cold atoms devices and Bose-Einstein condensate dynamics, we apply a general technique of N=4 extended Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics to isospectral Hamiltonians with triple-well potentials, i.e. symmetric and asymmetric. Expressions of quantum-mechanical propagators, which take into account all states of the spectrum, are obtained, within the N = 4 SQM approach, in the closed form. For the initial Hamiltonian of a harmonic oscillator, we obtain the explicit expressions of potentials, wavefunctions and propagators. The obtained results are applied to tu…
A one-dimensional dissipative Hubbard model with two-body loss is shown to be exactly solvable. We obtain an exact eigenspectrum of a Liouvillian superoperator by employing a non-Hermitian extension of the Bethe-ansatz method. We find steady states, the Liouvillian gap, and an exceptional point that is accompanied by the divergence of the correlation length. A dissipative version of spin-charge separation induced by the quantum Zeno effect is also demonstrated. Our result presents a new class of exactly solvable Liouvillians of open quantum many-body systems, which can be tested with ultracold…
We suggest different simple schemes to efficiently load and evaporate a ''dimple'' crossed dipolar trap. The collisional processes between atoms which are trapped in a reservoir load in a non adiabatic way the dimple. The reservoir trap can be provided either by a dark SPOT Magneto Optical Trap, the (aberrated) laser beam itself or by a quadrupolar or quadratic magnetic trap. Optimal parameters for the dimple are derived from thermodynamical equations and from loading time, including possible inelastic and Majorana losses. We suggest to load at relatively high temperature a tight optical trap.…
