For a flux qubit described by a two-level system of equations we propose a special time dependent external control field. We show that for a qubit placed in this field there exists a critical value of tunnel frequency. When the tunnel frequency is close to its critical value, the probability value of a definite direction of the current circulating in a Josephson-junction circuit may be kept above 1/2 during a desirable time interval. We also show that such a behavior is not much affected by a sufficiently small dissipation.
We propose how to realize a three-step controlled-phase gate of one superconducting qubit simultaneously controlling n qubits selected from N qubits in a cavity (1<n<N). The operation time of this gate is independent of the number n of qubits involved in the gate operation. This phase gate controlling at once n qubits is insensitive to the initial state of the cavity mode and can be used to produce an analogous CNOT gate simultaneously acting on n qubits.
We propose how to realize a three-step controlled-phase gate of one qubit simultaneously controlling $n$ qubits in a cavity or coupled to a resonator. The $n$ two-qubit controlled-phase gates, forming this multiqubit phase gate, can be performed simultaneously. The operation time of this phase gate is independent of the number $n$ of qubits. This phase gate controlling at once $n$ qubits is insensitive to the initial state of the cavity mode and can be used to produce an analogous CNOT gate simultaneously acting on $n$ qubits. We present two alternative approaches to implement this gate. One a…
We propose a way to realize a multiqubit tunable phase gate of one qubit simultaneously controlling n target qubits with atoms in cavity QED. In this proposal, classical pulses interact with atoms outside a cavity only, thus the experimental challenge of applying a pulse to an intra-cavity single atom without affecting other atoms in the same cavity is avoided. Because of employing a first-order large detuning, the gate can be performed fast when compared with the use of a second-order large detuning. Furthermore, the gate operation time is independent of the number of qubits. This proposal is…
We present a novel method to realize a multi-target-qubit controlled phase gate with one microwave photonic qubit simultaneously controlling $n-1$ target microwave photonic qubits. This gate is implemented with $n$ microwave cavities coupled to a superconducting flux qutrit. Each cavity hosts a microwave photonic qubit, whose two logic states are represented by the vacuum state and the single photon state of a single cavity mode, respectively. During the gate operation, the qutrit remains in the ground state and thus decoherence from the qutrit is greatly suppressed. This proposal requires onl…
Bi-partite entanglement in multi-qubit systems cannot be shared freely. The rules of quantum mechanics impose bounds on how multi-qubit systems can be correlated. In this paper we utilize a concept of entangled graphs with weighted edges in order to analyze pure quantum states of multi-qubit systems. Here qubits are represented by vertexes of the graph while the presence of bi-partite entanglement is represented by an edge between corresponding vertexes. The weight of each edge is defined to be the entanglement between the two qubits connected by the edge, as measured by the concurrence. We pr…
We propose how to realize a multiqubit tunable phase gate of one qubit simultaneously controlling $n$ qubits with four-level quantum systems in a cavity or coupled to a resonator. Each of the $n$ two-qubit controlled-phase (CP) gates involved in this multiqubit phase gate has a shared control qubit but a {\it different} target qubit. In this propose, the two lowest levels of each system represent the two logical states of a qubit while the two higher-energy intermediate levels are used for the gate implementation. The method presented here operates essentially by creating a single photon throu…
Future quantum devices often rely on favourable scaling with respect to the system components. To achieve desirable scaling, it is therefore crucial to implement unitary transformations in an efficient manner. We develop an upper bound for the minimum time required to implement a unitary transformation on a generic qubit network in which each of the qubits is subject to local time dependent controls. The set of gates is characterized that can be implemented in a time that scales at most polynomially in the number of qubits. Furthermore, we show how qubit systems can be concatenated through con…
Experimental validation and control of quantum traits for an open quantum system are important for any quantum information purpose. We consider a traveling atom qubit as a quantum memory with adjustable velocity inside a leaky cavity, adopting a quantum witness as a figure of merit for quantumness assessment. We show that this model constitutes an inherent physical instance where the quantum witness does not work properly if not suitably optimized. We then supply the optimal intermediate blind measurements which make the quantum witness a faithful tester of quantum coherence. We thus find that…
We propose that Rydberg dressing of a single qubit atom can be used to control a surrounding ensemble of three-level atoms and hereby the phase of light reflected by an optical cavity. Our scheme employs an ensemble dark resonance that is perturbed by the qubit state of a single atom to yield a single-atom single-photon gate. We show here that off-resonant Rydberg dressing of the qubit offers experimentally-viable regimes of operation that drastically reduce error compared to schemes using shelved Rydberg population. Such low errors (in the $10^{-3}$ range) are a necessary condition for fault-…
In adiabatic rapid passage, the Bloch vector of a qubit is inverted by slowly inverting an external field to which it is coupled, and along which it is initially aligned. In non-adiabatic twisted rapid passage, the external field is allowed to twist around its initial direction with azimuthal angle ϕ(t) at the same time that it is non-adiabatically inverted. For polynomial twist, ϕ(t) \sim Bt^{n}. We show that for n \ge 3, multiple qubit resonances can occur during a single inversion of the external field, producing strong interference effects in the qubit transition probability. The character…
Hybrid quantum gates have recently drawn considerable attention. They play significant roles in connecting quantum information processors with qubits of different encoding and have important applications in the transmission of quantum states between a quantum processor and a quantum memory. In this work, we propose a single-step implementation of a multi-target-qubit controlled-NOT gate with one superconducting (SC) qubit simultaneously controlling $n$ target cat-state qubits. In this proposal, the gate is implemented with $n$ microwave cavities coupled to a three-level SC qutrit. The two logi…
In this paper, we give a mechanism for controlling speedup of a single-qubit open quantum system by exclusively manipulating the system-reservoir bound states using additional non-interacting qubits. It is demonstrated that providing stronger bound states in the system-reservoir spectrum makes the single-qubit evolution with higher speed. We examine the performance of the mechanism for different spectral densities such as Lorentzian and Ohmic and find out the decisive role of bound states manipulation in speeding up of quantum evolution.
High-fidelity control of superconducting qubits requires the generation of microwave-frequency pulses precisely tailored on nanosecond timescales. These pulses are most commonly synthesized by up-converting and superimposing two narrow-band intermediate-frequency signals referred to as the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components. While the calibration of their DC-offsets, relative amplitude and phase allows one to cancel unwanted sideband and carrier leakage, this IQ mixing approach suffers from the presence of additional spurious frequency components. Here, we experimentally study an alter…
We compare the performance of continuous coherent feedback, implemented using an ideal single-qubit controller, to that of continuous measurement-based feedback for the task of controlling the state of a single qubit. Here the basic dynamical resource is the ability to couple the system to a traveling-wave field (for example, a transmission line) via a system observable, and the fundamental limitation is the maximum rate that is available for this coupling. We focus on the question of the best achievable control given ideal controllers. To obtain a fair comparison we acknowledge that the ampli…
The correlation dynamics is investigated for various bi-partitions of a composite system consisting of two qubits, and two independent and non-identical noisy environments. The two qubits have no direct interaction with each other and locally interact with their environments. Classical and quantum correlations including entanglement are initially prepared only between the two qubits. We find that, contrary to the identical noisy environment case, the entanglement and quantum correlation transfer directions can be controlled by combining different noisy environments. The amplitude damping envir…
We investigate the scheme for controlling information characterized by Von-Neumann entropy and the stationary state entanglement characterized by concurrence of two solid state qubits in the collective dephasing channel. It is shown that the local maximal value of the stationary state concurrence always corresponds to the local minimal value of information. We also propose a scheme for remotely controlling the entanglement of two solid state qubits against the collective dephasing. This idea may open a door to remotely suppress the detrimental effects of decoherence.
Two, non-interacting two-level atoms immersed in a common bath can become mutually entangled when evolving with a Markovian, completely positive dynamics. For an environment made of external quantum fields, this phenomenon can be studied in detail: one finds that entanglement production can be controlled by varying the bath temperature and the distance between the atoms. Remarkably, in certain circumstances, the quantum correlations can persist in the asymptotic long-time regime.
In an adiabatic rapid passage experiment, the Bloch vector of a two-level system (qubit) is inverted by slowly inverting an external field to which it is coupled, and along which it is initially aligned. In twisted rapid passage, the external field is allowed to twist around its initial direction with azimuthal angle $ϕ(t)$ at the same time that it is inverted. For polynomial twist: $ϕ(t) \sim Bt^{n}$. We show that for $n \geq 3$, multiple avoided crossings can occur during the inversion of the external field, and that these crossings give rise to strong interference effects in the qubit trans…
A semiconductor nanowire quantum dot with strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) can be used to achieve a spin-orbit qubit. In contrast to a spin qubit, the spin-orbit qubit can respond to an external ac electric field, an effect called electric-dipole spin resonance. Here we develop a theory that can apply in the strong SOC regime. We find that there is an optimal SOC strength η_{opt}=\sqrt{2}/2, where the Rabi frequency induced by the ac electric field becomes maximal. Also, we show that both the level spacing and the Rabi frequency of the spin-orbit qubit have periodic responses to the direction …
We investigate anisotropic $XXZ$ Heisenberg spin-1/2 chains with control fields acting on one of the end spins, with the aim of exploring local quantum control in arrays of interacting qubits. In this work, which uses a recent Lie-algebraic result on the local controllability of spin chains with "always-on" interactions, we determine piecewise-constant control pulses corresponding to optimal fidelities for quantum gates such as spin-flip (NOT), controlled-NOT (CNOT), and square-root-of-SWAP ($\sqrt{\textrm{SWAP}}$). We find the minimal times for realizing different gates depending on the aniso…
Large-scale quantum computers must be built upon quantum bits that are both highly coherent and locally controllable. We demonstrate the quantum control of the electron and the nuclear spin of a single 31P atom in silicon, using a continuous microwave magnetic field together with nanoscale electrostatic gates. The qubits are tuned into resonance with the microwave field by a local change in electric field, which induces a Stark shift of the qubit energies. This method, known as A-gate control, preserves the excellent coherence times and gate fidelities of isolated spins, and can be extended to…
A quantum network is a promising quantum many-body system because of its tailored geometry and controllable interaction. Here, we propose an external control scheme for the qubit-photon interaction and multiqubit reset in a dissipative quantum network, which comprises superconducting circuit chains with microwave drives and filter-filter couplings. The traditional multiqubit reset of the quantum network requires physically disconnected qubits to prevent their entanglement. However, we use an original effect of dissipation, i.e., consuming the entanglement generated by qubits' interaction, to a…
We have investigated the dynamics of entanglement between two spin-1/2 qubits that are subject to independent kick and Gaussian pulse type external magnetic fields analytically as well as numerically. Dyson time ordering effect on the dynamics is found to be important for the sequence of kicks. We show that "almost-steady" high entanglement can be created between two initially unentangled qubits by using carefully designed kick or pulse sequences.
We present a detailed characterization of coherence in seven transmon qubits in a circuit QED architecture. We find that spontaneous emission rates are strongly influenced by far off-resonant modes of the cavity and can be understood within a semiclassical circuit model. A careful analysis of the spontaneous qubit decay into a microwave transmission-line cavity can accurately predict the qubit lifetimes over two orders of magnitude in time and more than an octave in frequency. Coherence times $T_1$ and $T_2^*$ of more than a microsecond are reproducibly demonstrated.
We propose a method for analyzing Berry phase for a multi-qubit system of superconducting charge qubits interacting with a microwave field. By suitably choosing the system parameters and precisely controlling the dynamics, novel connection found between the Berry phase and entanglement creations.
We review progress on the spintronics proposal for quantum computing where the quantum bits (qubits) are implemented with electron spins. We calculate the exchange interaction of coupled quantum dots and present experiments, where the exchange coupling is measured via transport. Then, experiments on single spins on dots are described, where long spin relaxation times, on the order of a millisecond, are observed. We consider spin-orbit interaction as sources of spin decoherence and find theoretically that also long decoherence times are expected. Further, we describe the concept of spin filteri…
We analyze the dynamics of a qubit-resonator system coupled with a thermal bath and external electromagnetic fields. Using the evolution equations for the set of Heisenberg operators, that describe the whole system, we derive an expression for the resonator field, accounting for the resonator-drive,-bath, and -qubit interaction. The renormalization of the resonator frequency, caused by the qubit-resonator interaction, is accounted for. Using solutions for the resonator field, we derive the equation describing qubit dynamics. The influence of the qubit evolution during the measurement time on t…
We study quantum information flow in a model comprising of an impurity qubit immersed in a Bose-Einstein condensed reservoir. We demonstrate how information flux between the qubit and the condensate can be manipulated by engineering the ultracold reservoir within experimentally realistic limits. We place a particular emphasis on non-Markovian dynamics, characterized by a reversed flow of information from the background gas to the qubit and identify a controllable crossover between Markovian and non-Markovian dynamics in the parameter space of the model.
We give the map representing the evolution of a qubit under the action of non-dissipative random external fields. From this map we construct the corresponding master equation that in turn allows us to phenomenologically introduce population damping of the qubit system. We then compare, in this system, the time-regions when non-Markovianity is present on the basis of different criteria both for the non-dissipative and dissipative case. We show that the adopted criteria agree both in the non-dissipative case and in the presence of population damping.
There are two elementary superconducting qubit types that derive directly from the quantum harmonic oscillator. In one the inductor is replaced by a nonlinear Josephson junction to realize the widely used charge qubits with a compact phase variable and a discrete charge wavefunction. In the other the junction is added in parallel, which gives rise to an extended phase variable, continuous wavefunctions and a rich energy level structure due to the loop topology. While the corresponding rf-SQUID Hamiltonian was introduced as a quadratic, quasi-1D potential approximation to describe the fluxonium…
The uncertainty principle is an inherent characteristic of quantum mechanics. This principle can be formulated in various form. Fundamentally, this principle can be expressed in terms of the standard deviation of the measured observables. In quantum information theory the preferred mathematical quantity to express the entropic uncertainty relation is the Shannon's entropy. In this work, we consider the generalized entropic uncertainty relation in which there is an additional particle as a quantum memory. Alice measures on her particle $A$ and Bob, with memory particle $B$, predicts the Alice's…
We investigate the ground state and the thermal entanglement in the two-qubit Ising model interacting with a site-dependent magnetic field. The degree of entanglement is measured by calculating the concurrence. For zero temperature and for certain direction of the applied magnetic field, the quantum phase transition observed under a uniform external magnetic field disappears once a very small non-uniformity is introduced. Furthermore, we have shown analytically and confirmed numerically that once the direction of one of the magnetic field is along the Ising axis then no entangled states can be…
A dynamical decoupling method is presented which is based on embedding a deterministic decoupling scheme into a stochastic one. This way it is possible to combine the advantages of both methods and to increase the suppression of undesired perturbations of quantum systems significantly even for long interaction times. As a first application the stabilization of a quantum memory is discussed which is perturbed by one-and two-qubit interactions.
The spin-vortex-induced loop current (SVILC) is a nano-sized loop current predicted to exist in the CuO$_2$ plane in the bulk of hole-doped cuprate superconductors. It is a persistent loop current protected by the topological winding number associated with the wave function. It exists around a spin-vortex created by the itinerant electrons with a doped hole at its center. The direction of each SVILC can be either clockwise (winding number is -1) or counterclockwise (winding number is +1) and the winding number with no current (winding number is zero) is forbidden by the singlevalued requiremen…
We study the influence of a strong off-resonant driving signal to the energy levels of a superconducting flux qubit both experimentally and theoretically. In the experiment, we carry out a three-tone spectroscopy. This allows us to directly observe the modification of the qubit's energy levels by the dynamical Stark shift caused by the driving signal. A theoretical treatment including corrections from both, rotating and counter-rotating frame, allowed us to completely explain the observed experimental results and to reconstruct the influence of the strong driving to the dissipative dynamics as…
A scaled-up quantum computer will require a highly efficient control interface that autonomously manipulates and reads out large numbers of qubits, which for solid-state implementations are usually held at millikelvin (mK) temperatures. Advanced CMOS technology, tightly integrated with the quantum system, would be ideal for implementing such a control interface but is generally discounted on the basis of its power dissipation that leads to heating of the fragile qubits. Here, we demonstrate an ultra low power, CMOS-based quantum control platform that takes digital commands as input and generat…
Imagine that you have several sets of two coupled qubits, but you do not know the parameters of their Hamitonians. How to determine these without resorting to the usual spectroscopy approach to the problem? Based on numerical modeling, we show that all the parameters of a system of two coupled qubits can be determined by applying to it an external classical noise and analysing the Fourier spectrum of the elements of the system's density matrix. In particular, the interlevel spacings as well as the strength and sign of qubit-qubit coupling can be determined this way.
We propose a one-step scheme to implement a multiqubit controlled phase gate of one qubit simultaneously controlling multiple qubits with three-level atoms at distant nodes in coupled cavity arrays. The selective qubit-qubit couplings are achieved by adiabatically eliminating the atomic excited states and photonic states and the required phase shifts between the control qubit and any target qubit can be realized through suitable choices of the parameters of the external fields. Moreover, the effective model is robust against decoherence because neither the atoms nor the field modes during the …
We study the decoherence dynamics of Majorana qubit braiding operations in a topological superconducting chain (TSC) system, in which the braiding is performed by controlling the electron-chemical potentials of the TSCs and the couplings between them. By solving rigorously the Majorana qubit dynamics, we show how the Majorana qubit coherence is generated through bogoliubon correlations formed by exchanging Majorana zero modes (MZMs) between two TSCs in braiding operations. Using the exact master equation, we demonstrate how MZMs and also the bogoliubon correlations dissipate due to charge fluc…
We present expressions demonstrating that collisional decoherence of ultracold atoms or molecules in a coherent superposition of non-degenerate quantum states is suppressed when both the real and imaginary parts of the scattering lengths for the states in the coherent superposition are equal. We show that the rate of collisional decoherence can be enhanced or suppressed by varying an external magnetic field near a Feshbach resonance. For some resonances, the suppression is very dramatic. We propose a method for measuring the scattering length of ultracold particles in excited quantum states ex…
We study the dark exciton's behavior as a coherent physical two-level spin system (qubit) using an external magnetic field in the Faraday configuration. Our studies are based on polarization-sensitive intensity autocorrelation measurements of the optical transition resulting from the recombination of a spin-blockaded biexciton state, which heralds the dark exciton and its spin state. We demonstrate control over the dark exciton eigenstates without degrading its decoherence time. Our observations agree well with computational predictions based on a master equation model.
We theoretically study specific schemes for performing a fundamental two-qubit quantum gate via controlled atomic collisions by switching microscopic potentials. In particular we calculate the fidelity of a gate operation for a configuration where a potential barrier between two atoms is instantaneously removed and restored after a certain time. Possible implementations could be based on microtraps created by magnetic and electric fields, or potentials induced by laser light.
The uncontrolled interaction of a quantum system with its environment is detrimental for quantum coherence. In the context of solid-state qubits, techniques to mitigate the impact of fluctuating electric and magnetic fields from the environment are well-developed. In contrast, suppression of decoherence from thermal lattice vibrations is typically achieved only by lowering the temperature of operation. Here, we use a nano-electro-mechanical system (NEMS) to mitigate the effect of thermal phonons on a solid-state quantum emitter without changing the system temperature. We study the silicon-vaca…
The dissipative dynamics of a two-qubit system is studied theoretically. We make use of the Bloch-Redfield formalism which explicitly includes the parameter-dependent relaxation rates. We consider the case of two flux qubits, when the controlling parameters are the partial magnetic fluxes through the qubits' loops. The strong dependence of the inter-level relaxation rates on the controlling magnetic fluxes is demonstrated for the realistic system. This allows us to propose several mechanisms for lasing in this four-level system.
For technological purposes and theoretical curiosity, it is very interesting to have a building block that produces a considerable amount of entanglement between on-demand sites through a simple control of a few sites. Here, we consider permanently-coupled spin networks and study entanglement generation between qubit pairs to find low-complexity structures capable of generating considerable entanglement between various qubit pairs. We find that in axially symmetric networks the generated entanglement between some qubit pairs is rather larger than generic networks. We show that in uniformly-cou…
We investigate the system constituted by a polarizable atom near a nanosphere under the influence of an external electrostatic field, showing that the attractive dispersive force between them can be overcome by the electrostatic interaction. Therefore, in addition to the advantageous possibility of actively tuning the resultant force with an external agent without the requirement of physical contact, this force may also become repulsive. We analyze this situation in different physical regimes of distance and explore the interaction of different atoms with both metallic and dielectric spheres, …
