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arXiv quant-ph/0612112quant-ph
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安全自校准量子随机比特generator

Secure self-calibrating quantum random bit generator

M. Fiorentino, C. M. Santori, S. M. Spillane, W. J. Munro, R. G. Beausoleil

摘要:

随机比特发生器(RBG)是从模拟到密码学的各种信息处理应用的关键组件。特别地,密码系统需要产生高熵比特序列的“强”RBG,但是传统的软件伪RBG具有非常低的熵含量,因此对于密码学来说相对较弱。硬件RBG从混沌或量子物理系统中产生熵,因此预期表现出高熵,但在当前实现中,它们的确切熵内容是未知的。在这里,我们报告了一个量子随机比特发生器(QRBG),收获熵通过测量单光子和纠缠双光子偏振态。我们引入并实现了一种量子层析成像方法来测量系统的“最小熵”的下限,并使用该值来提取真正的随机比特序列。这种方法是安全的:即使攻击者控制了光学状态的源,也可以提取出安全的随机序列。

英文摘要:

Random bit generators (RBGs) are key components of a variety of information processing applications ranging from simulations to cryptography. In particular, cryptographic systems require "strong" RBGs that produce high-entropy bit sequences, but traditional software pseudo-RBGs have very low entropy content and therefore are relatively weak for cryptography. Hardware RBGs yield entropy from chaotic or quantum physical systems and therefore are expected to exhibit high entropy, but in current implementations their exact entropy content is unknown. Here we report a quantum random bit generator (QRBG) that harvests entropy by measuring single-photon and entangled two-photon polarization states. We introduce and implement a quantum tomographic method to measure a lower bound on the "min-entropy" of the system, and we employ this value to distill a truly random bit sequence. This approach is secure: even if an attacker takes control of the source of optical states, a secure random sequence can be distilled.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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