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arXiv quant-ph/0511002quant-ph
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量子力学中的不可分辨粒子

Indistinguishable Particles in Quantum Mechanics: An Introduction

Y. Omar

摘要:

在这篇文章中,我们讨论了量子系统的同一性和不可分性,以及因此需要在量子力学中引入一个额外的假设来正确描述涉及不可区分粒子的情况。对于电子,这就是泡利不相容原理,或者一般来说,对称化公设。然后,我们介绍费米子和玻色子和分布分别描述他们的统计行为在不可区分的情况下。在此之后,我们讨论了自旋统计连接,以及替代统计和实验证据,所有这些结果,包括使用聚束和反聚束的粒子出现从分束器作为一些玻色子或费米子状态的签名。

英文摘要:

In this article, we discuss the identity and indistinguishability of quantum systems and the consequent need to introduce an extra postulate in Quantum Mechanics to correctly describe situations involving indistinguishable particles. This is, for electrons, the Pauli Exclusion Principle, or in general, the Symmetrization Postulate. Then, we introduce fermions and bosons and the distributions respectively describing their statistical behaviour in indistinguishable situations. Following that, we discuss the spin-statistics connection, as well as alternative statistics and experimental evidence for all these results, including the use of bunching and antibunching of particles emerging from a beam splitter as a signature for some bosonic or fermionic states.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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