原子干涉法测量锂的极化率
Atom interferometry measurement of the electric polarizability of lithium
摘要：
用原子干涉仪测量了$^7$ Li $α=(24.33 \pm 0.16)\times10^{-30} $ m $^3$ $= 164.19\pm 1.08 $原子单位的静电极化率，测量不确定度为0.66%.我们的实验与1995年D. Pritchard和同事的方法是在两个干涉光束中的一个上施加一个电场，并测量产生的相移。关于D.在Pritchard实验的基础上，我们作了几项改进，本文作了详细的叙述：电容器的设计使电场可以用解析法计算，干涉仪的相位灵敏度大大提高，接近16 mrad/ $\sqrt{Hz}$ ;最后，我们的干涉仪是物种选择性的，因此，我们的原子束中存在的杂质（其他碱原子或锂二聚体）不会干扰我们的测量。我们的实验很好地说明了原子干涉术的极端灵敏度：我们的测量相当于测量原子速度$v$的略微增加$Δv$，当它进入电场区域时，我们目前的灵敏度足以检测到变化$Δv/v \approx 6 \times 10^{-13}$。
英文摘要：
Using an atom interferometer, we have measured the static electric polarizability of $^7$Li $α=(24.33 \pm 0.16)\times10^{-30} $ m$^3$ $= 164.19\pm 1.08 $ atomic units with a 0.66% uncertainty. Our experiment, which is similar to an experiment done on sodium in 1995 by D. Pritchard and co-workers, consists in applying an electric field on one of the two interfering beams and measuring the resulting phase-shift. With respect to D. Pritchard's experiment, we have made several improvements which are described in detail in this paper: the capacitor design is such that the electric field can be calculated analytically; the phase sensitivity of our interferometer is substantially better, near 16 mrad/$\sqrt{Hz}$; finally our interferometer is species selective it so that impurities present in our atomic beam (other alkali atoms or lithium dimers) do not perturb our measurement. The extreme sensitivity of atom interferometry is well illustrated by our experiment: our measurement amounts to measuring a slight increase $Δv$ of the atom velocity $v$ when it enters the electric field region and our present sensitivity is sufficient to detect a variation $Δv/v \approx 6 \times 10^{-13}$.
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