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arXiv 1004.3567physics.atom-phcond-mat.quant-gasquant-ph
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原子和离子极化率的理论与应用

Theory and applications of atomic and ionic polarizabilities

J. Mitroy, M. S. Safronova, Charles W. Clark

摘要:

原子极化现象涉及物理学的许多领域和过程。任何气体的介电常数和折射率都是宏观性质的例子,它们在很大程度上由偶极极化率决定。在微观现象方面,碱土金属阴离子的存在和最近发现的正电子与许多原子结合的能力主要是由于极化相互作用。原子极化率的不完善知识是新一代光频标不确定性的最大来源。最近,通过各种技术已经可以获得周期表中第I族和第II族原子和离子的精确极化率。这些包括精细的多体微扰理论和耦合团簇计算,有时与精确的实验数据相结合的选择过渡,微波光谱的里德伯原子和离子,折射率测量在微波腔,从头计算的原子结构使用明确相关的波函数,原子束的干涉测量,和速度变化的激光冷却原子诱导的电场。本文综述了现有的确定原子和离子极化率的理论方法,并讨论了它们与各种应用的相关性,特别强调冷原子物理和原子频率标准的计量学。

英文摘要:

Atomic polarization phenomena impinge upon a number of areas and processes in physics. The dielectric constant and refractive index of any gas are examples of macroscopic properties that are largely determined by the dipole polarizability. When it comes to microscopic phenomena, the existence of alkaline-earth anions and the recently discovered ability of positrons to bind to many atoms are predominantly due to the polarization interaction. An imperfect knowledge of atomic polarizabilities is presently looming as the largest source of uncertainty in the new generation of optical frequency standards. Accurate polarizabilities for the group I and II atoms and ions of the periodic table have recently become available by a variety of techniques. These include refined many-body perturbation theory and coupled-cluster calculations sometimes combined with precise experimental data for selected transitions, microwave spectroscopy of Rydberg atoms and ions, refractive index measurements in microwave cavities, ab initio calculations of atomic structures using explicitly correlated wave functions, interferometry with atom beams, and velocity changes of laser cooled atoms induced by an electric field. This review examines existing theoretical methods of determining atomic and ionic polarizabilities, and discusses their relevance to various applications with particular emphasis on cold-atom physics and the metrology of atomic frequency standards.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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