测量的量子力学描述和态变换的基本性质
Quantum mechanical description of measurement and the basic properties of state transformation
摘要：
在本文中，没有任何先验假设的测量后的状态的系统，我们将检查如何限制这种状态，假设以下每一个假设。首先，通过使用两个连续的测量应该被描述为一个测量的合理假设。第二，通过假设不可能比光更快的信号传导，“无信号传导条件”。然而，仅仅使用这些假设是不可能得到通常的投影公设的。相反，通过一个简单的引理，我们将表明，系统的密度算符的测量后是一个线性函数的密度算符通常的测量后公设确定。此外，我们将证明这个线性函数具有Kraus表示。最后，我们将讨论这个结论的物理意义。
英文摘要：
In this paper, without any priori assumption about the post-measurement state of system, we will examine how this state is restricted by assuming each of these following assumptions. First, by using this reasonable assumption that two successive measurements should be describable as one measurement. Second, by assuming the impossibility of faster than light signaling, "No-signaling condition". However, only by using these assumptions it is not possible to obtain the usual projection postulate. Instead, by means of a simple lemma, we will show that the density operator of system after a measurement is a linear function of the density operator determined by the usual post-measurement postulate. Furthermore we will show this linear function has a Kraus representation. Finally, we will discuss about the physical meaning of this consequence.
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