Dirac粒子通过势阱时的负群时延
Negative group delay for Dirac particles traveling through a potential well
摘要：
研究了狄拉克粒子在势阱中运动时的群延迟特性。提出了群时延为负的必要条件。结果表明，这种负群延迟与其对势阱宽度的反常依赖关系密切相关。为了验证定相法的有效性，对高斯型时域波包进行了数值模拟。对势阱的宽度进行了限制，使波包在传播过程中保持无畸变。数值比较表明，相对论群延迟大于相应的非相对论群延迟。
英文摘要：
The properties of group delay for Dirac particles traveling through a potential well are investigated. A necessary condition is put forward for the group delay to be negative. It is shown that this negative group delay is closely related to its anomalous dependence on the width of the potential well. In order to demonstrate the validity of stationary-phase approach, numerical simulations are made for Gaussian-shaped temporal wave packets. A restriction to the potential-well's width is obtained that is necessary for the wave packet to remain distortionless in the travelling. Numerical comparison shows that the relativistic group delay is larger than its corresponding non-relativistic one.
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