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arXiv quant-ph/0405134quant-ph
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基于团簇态的容错量子计算

Fault-tolerant quantum computation with cluster states

Michael A. Nielsen, Christopher M. Dawson

摘要:

由Raussendorf和Briegel引入的单向量子计算模型[Phys. Rev. Lett. 86(22),5188-5191(2001)]表明可以仅使用被称为簇态的固定纠缠资源和自适应单量子比特测量来进行量子计算。这个模型是几个实用的量子计算方案的基础,包括一个有希望的基于团簇态的光量子计算方案[M。A. Nielsen,arXiv:quant-ph/0402005,accepted to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett.].一个重要的开放问题是,这种建议是否是可扩展的存在物理现实的噪音。在本文中,我们证明了两个阈值定理,这表明,可扩展的容错量子计算可以实现基于集群状态的实现,提供的实现中的噪声是低于某个恒定的阈值。我们的第一个阈值定理适用于一类实现中,纠缠门应用确定性,但有少量的噪音。我们希望这个阈值能够适用于各种各样的物理系统。我们的第二个阈值定理是专门适应的建议,如光学集群状态的建议,其中使用非确定性纠缠门。一个关键的技术组成部分,我们的证明是两个强大的定理,关系到性能的噪音单一的操作限制作用于状态空间的子空间,这些操作的扩展作用于整个状态空间。

英文摘要:

The one-way quantum computing model introduced by Raussendorf and Briegel [Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 (22), 5188-5191 (2001)] shows that it is possible to quantum compute using only a fixed entangled resource known as a cluster state, and adaptive single-qubit measurements. This model is the basis for several practical proposals for quantum computation, including a promising proposal for optical quantum computation based on cluster states [M. A. Nielsen, arXiv:quant-ph/0402005, accepted to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett.]. A significant open question is whether such proposals are scalable in the presence of physically realistic noise. In this paper we prove two threshold theorems which show that scalable fault-tolerant quantum computation may be achieved in implementations based on cluster states, provided the noise in the implementations is below some constant threshold value. Our first threshold theorem applies to a class of implementations in which entangling gates are applied deterministically, but with a small amount of noise. We expect this threshold to be applicable in a wide variety of physical systems. Our second threshold theorem is specifically adapted to proposals such as the optical cluster-state proposal, in which non-deterministic entangling gates are used. A critical technical component of our proofs is two powerful theorems which relate the properties of noisy unitary operations restricted to act on a subspace of state space to extensions of those operations acting on the entire state space.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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