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arXiv quant-ph/0402152quant-ph
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高Q腔中受驱动原子动力学中的集体效应

Collective effects in the dynamics of driven atoms in a high-Q resonator

Stefano Zippilli, Giovanna Morigi, Helmut Ritsch

摘要:

研究了N个相干驱动二能级原子与光腔耦合的量子动力学。在强耦合区,原子散射产生的腔场与原子上的泵浦光发生破坏性干涉。这抑制了原子激发,甚至对于强驱动场也防止了原子饱和,而稳态腔内场振幅几乎与原子数无关。干涉效应的大小取决于激光和腔场之间的失谐和相对原子位置,并且对于放置在腔模的波腹处的原子的波长间隔晶格是最强的。在这种情况下,在每个原子附近产生三维强度最小值。在这种状态下,自发发射被抑制,并且主要的损耗通道是腔衰减。即使腔线宽大于原子的自然宽度,通过足够大数量的原子的合作作用,也可以恢复强干涉。这些结果提供了一个新的关键,以了解最近的集体腔冷却实验,并可能允许实现快速定制的原子-原子相互作用,以及非微扰粒子探测非常小的能量转移。

英文摘要:

We study the quantum dynamics of N coherently driven two-level atoms coupled to an optical resonator. In the strong coupling regime the cavity field generated by atomic scattering interferes destructively with the pump on the atoms. This suppresses atomic excitation and even for strong driving fields prevents atomic saturation, while the stationary intracavity field amplitude is almost independent of the atom number. The magnitude of the interference effect depends on the detuning between laser and cavity field and on the relative atomic positions and is strongest for a wavelength spaced lattice of atoms placed at the antinodes of the cavity mode. In this case three dimensional intensity minima are created in the vicinity of each atom. In this regime spontaneous emission is suppressed and the dominant loss channel is cavity decay. Even for a cavity linewidth larger than the atomic natural width, one regains strong interference through the cooperative action of a sufficiently large number of atoms. These results give a new key to understand recent experiments on collective cavity cooling and may allow to implement fast tailored atom-atom interactions as well as nonperturbative particle detection with very small energy transfer.

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