三维微柱微腔量子电动力学优化
Optimization of three-dimensional micropost microcavities for cavity quantum electrodynamics
摘要：
基于第一性原理时域有限差分法，对三维分布布拉格反射器（DBR）微柱微腔中的谐振频率、品质因数（Q）、模体积（V）和基模（HE 11）辐射方向图进行了详细的分析。通过将这种结构视为包含单个缺陷的一维圆柱形光子晶体，我们能够根据为平面DBR微腔建立的简单规则，将Q/V的极限推到标准微柱设计所能达到的极限之外。我们表明，一些规则，以及设计大直径微柱（例如，高折射率对比度）不能提供具有小直径高质量腔。通过调整反射镜层和间隔层的厚度、反射镜对的数量、高折射率区域和低折射率区域的折射率以及腔直径，我们能够实现高达10^4的Q，以及高折射率材料中1.6立方波长的光的模体积。高Q和小V的组合使得这些结构成为观察诸如量子点与腔场之间的强耦合和单量子点激光等腔量子电动力学现象的有希望的候选者。
英文摘要：
This article presents a detailed analysis, based on the first-principles finite-difference time-domain method, of the resonant frequency, quality factor (Q), mode volume (V), and radiation pattern of the fundamental (HE11) mode in a three-dimensional distributed-Bragg-reflector (DBR) micropost microcavity. By treating this structure as a one-dimensional cylindrical photonic crystal containing a single defect, we are able to push the limits of Q/V beyond those achievable by standard micropost designs, based on the simple rules established for planar DBR microcavities. We show that some of the rules that work well for designing large-diameter microposts (e.g., high-refractive index contrast) fail to provide high-quality cavities with small diameters. By tuning the thicknesses of mirror layers and the spacer, the number of mirror pairs, the refractive indices of high and low refractive index regions, and the cavity diameter, we are able to achieve Q as high as 10^4, together with a mode volume of 1.6 cubic wavelengths of light in the high-refractive-index material. The combination of high Q and small V makes these structures promising candidates for the observation of such cavity quantum electrodynamics phenomena as strong coupling between a quantum dot and the cavity field, and single-quantum-dot lasing.
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