arXiv quant-ph/02030572002-03-13quant-ph

等离子体辅助的量子纠缠

Plasmon-assisted Quantum Entanglement

E. Altewischer, M. P. van Exter, J. P. Woerdman

备注：: 6 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Nature
发表信息：: Nature 418 (2002), 304-306
DOI：: 10.1038/nature00869

摘要：

当一个两粒子系统的量子机械波函数不能分解为两个单粒子波函数时，该系统的状态称为纠缠态。纠缠导致了量子力学最强的反直觉特征，即非定域性。在光子的情况下，量子纠缠的实验实现相对容易;泵浦光子可以在非线性晶体中自发地分裂成一对纠缠的光子。在本文中，我们结合了量子纠缠与纳米结构的金属光学的形式，光学厚金属膜穿孔与周期性阵列的亚波长孔。这些阵列充当光子晶体，可以将纠缠的光子转换为表面等离子体波，即，压缩电荷密度波我们解决的问题是否纠缠生存这样的转换。我们发现，在原则上，金属表面等离子体激元模的光激发是一个单粒子水平的相干过程。然而，等离子体辅助纠缠的质量受到空穴阵列的空间色散的限制。这种空间色散是由于金属的非局域介电响应，这在等离子体状态下特别大;它引入了“哪条路”的标签，这可能会杀死纠缠。

英文摘要：

The state of a two-particle system is called entangled when its quantum mechanical wave function cannot be factorized in two single-particle wave functions. Entanglement leads to the strongest counter-intuitive feature of quantum mechanics, namely nonlocality. Experimental realization of quantum entanglement is relatively easy for the case of photons; a pump photon can spontaneously split into a pair of entangled photons inside a nonlinear crystal. In this paper we combine quantum entanglement with nanostructured metal optics in the form of optically thick metal films perforated with a periodic array of subwavelength holes. These arrays act as photonic crystals that may convert entangled photons into surface-plasmon waves, i.e., compressive charge density waves. We address the question whether the entanglement survives such a conversion. We find that, in principle, optical excitation of the surface plasmon modes of a metal is a coherent process at the single-particle level. However, the quality of the plasmon-assisted entanglement is limited by spatial dispersion of the hole arrays. This spatial dispersion is due to the nonlocal dielectric response of a metal, which is particularly large in the plasmonic regime; it introduces "which way" labels, that may kill entanglement.

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