碰撞问题的量子下界
Quantum Lower Bound for the Collision Problem
摘要:
冲突问题是决定函数X:{1,..,n}->{1,.,n}是一对一或二对一,假设情况是其中之一。我们证明了量子计算机在有界错误概率下解决这个问题所需的查询数量的Theta(n^{1/5})的下界。最著名的上界是O(n^{1/3}),但自1997年以来,获得任何比Theta(1)更好的下界是一个开放的问题。我们的证明使用了一些新的想法增加了多项式方法。我们也给出了一个下界θ(n^{1/7})的问题,决定是否两个集是相等的或不相交的元素的一个常数的分数。最后,我们给出了这些结果的量子复杂性理论的影响。
英文摘要:
The collision problem is to decide whether a function X:{1,..,n}->{1,..,n} is one-to-one or two-to-one, given that one of these is the case. We show a lower bound of Theta(n^{1/5}) on the number of queries needed by a quantum computer to solve this problem with bounded error probability. The best known upper bound is O(n^{1/3}), but obtaining any lower bound better than Theta(1) was an open problem since 1997. Our proof uses the polynomial method augmented by some new ideas. We also give a lower bound of Theta(n^{1/7}) for the problem of deciding whether two sets are equal or disjoint on a constant fraction of elements. Finally we give implications of these results for quantum complexity theory.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。