G. A. Kouzaev
In the paper an approach is presented allowing to model quantum logic circuits by electronic gates for discrete spatially modulated electromagnetic signals. The designed circuitry is for modeling low scale quantum nets of general design and quantum devices based only on superposition principle of their work.
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We describe a practical method of constructing quantum combinational logic circuits with basic quantum logic gates such as NOT and general $n$-bit Toffoli gates. This method is useful to find the quantum circuits for evaluating logic functions in the form most appropriate for implementation on a given quantum computer. The rules to get the most efficient circuit are utilized best with the aid of a Karnaugh map. It is explained which rules of using a Karnaugh map are changed due to the difference between the quantum and classical logic circuits.
Low-overhead pieceable fault-tolerant construction of logical controlled-phase circuit for degenerate quantum code
本文提出一种搜索算法，为退化量子码构造非横向但容错的逻辑受控相位门，并在bare [[7,1,3]]码上找到了低辅助量子比特开销的3-pieceable容错逻辑CZ电路，通过数值模拟验证了其逻辑错误率表现。
Learning to decode logical circuits
本文提出多核电路解码器（MCCD），一种数据驱动的模块化框架，用于高效解码含纠缠门的逻辑量子电路，在保持高精度的同时实现多项式时间解码。
We analyse the design and optimisation of quantum logic circuits suitable for the experimental demonstration of a three-qubit quantum computation prototype based on optically-controlled, solid-state quantum logic gates. In these gates, the interaction between two qubits carried by the electron-spin of donors is mediated by the optical excitation of a control particle placed in their proximity. First, we use a geometrical approach for analysing the entangling characteristics of these quantum gates. Then, using a genetic programming algorithm, we develop circuits for the refined Deutsch-Jozsa al…
We report the observation of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) of a mechanical field, where a superconducting artificial atom is coupled to a 1D-transmission line for surface acoustic waves. An electromagnetic microwave drive is used as the control field, rendering the superconducting transmon qubit transparent to the acoustic probe beam. The strong frequency dependence of the acoustic coupling enables EIT in a ladder configuration due to the suppressed relaxation of the upper level. Our results show that superconducting circuits can be engineered to interact with acoustic fields …
We propose a new scheme of measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) using an error-correcting code against photon-loss in circuit quantum electrodynamics. We describe a specific protocol of logical single-qubit gates given by sequential cavity measurements for logical MBQC and a generalised Schrödinger cat state is used for a continuous-variable (CV) logical qubit captured in a microwave cavity. It is assumed that a three CV-qudit entangled state is initially prepared in three jointed cavities and the microwave qudit states are individually controlled, operated, and measured through a read…
Recent research in multi-valued logic for quantum computing has shown practical advantages for scaling up a quantum computer. Multivalued quantum systems have also been used in the framework of quantum cryptography, and the concept of a qudit cluster state has been proposed by generalizing the qubit cluster state. An evolutionary algorithm based synthesizer for ternary quantum circuits has recently been presented, as well as a synthesis method based on matrix factorization.In this paper, a recursive synthesis method for ternary quantum circuits based on the Cosine-Sine unitary matrix decomposi…
In this article the elementary gates for ternary quantum logic circuit are studied. We propose the ternary controlled X (TCX) gate or ternary controlled Z (TCZ) gate as two-qutrit elementary gate, which is universal when assisted by arbitrary one-qutrit gates. It is primitive, efficient and easy to implement. Based on Cartan decomposition, we also give the one-qutrit elementary gates. Then the synthesis of some important ternary gates is investigated and the scheme of physical implementation for these ternary gates is discussed. Finally we extend these elementary gates to more general qudit ca…
Hardware-tailored logical Clifford circuits for stabilizer codes
本文提出一个数学框架，将稳定子码上实现任意逻辑Clifford幺正操作的任务转化为离散优化问题，整合硬件连接约束并优化Clifford规范，从而为$[[8,3,2]]$码找到容错逻辑Hadamard电路，并实现整体编译以节省资源。
In-situ benchmarking of fault-tolerant quantum circuits. I. Clifford circuits
本文提出了一种通过症状数据现场表征容错量子电路的方法，能够高效估计保罗噪声并预测逻辑保真度，具有指数级优势。
A breadth-first search method for determining optimal 3-line circuits composed of quantum NOT, CNOT, controlled-V and controlled-V+ (NCV) gates is introduced. Results are presented for simple gate count and for technology motivated cost metrics. The optimal NCV circuits are also compared to NCV circuits derived from optimal NOT, CNOT and Toffoli (NCT) gate circuits. The work presented here provides basic results and motivation for continued study of the direct synthesis of NCV circuits, and establishes relations between function realizations in different circuit cost metrics.
We propose the generalized controlled X (GCX) gate as the two-qudit elementary gate, and based on Cartan decomposition, we also give the one-qudit elementary gates. Then we discuss the physical implementation of these elementary gates and show that it is feasible with current technology. With these elementary gates many important qudit quantum gates can be synthesized conveniently. We provide efficient methods for the synthesis of various kinds of controlled qudit gates and greatly simplify the synthesis of existing generic multi-valued quantum circuits. Moreover, we generalize the quantum Sha…
Finding diagonal logical gates in CSS codes and circuits
本文提出高效算法，可从给定ansatz门中找出CSS码与电路的所有对角逻辑门，其运行时间为O(n³)，还讨论了该方法向其他门及量子位的推广，为容错量子计算提供支持。
Beyond Logical Circuits: Hardware-Aware Analysis of Expressibility and Trainability in Variational Quantum Algorithms
本文通过比较逻辑和硬件编译后的参数化量子电路，系统分析了变分量子算法中表达能力和可训练性受硬件感知编译的影响，发现编译会显著改变电路特性且依赖具体架构。
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a signature of quantum interference in an atomic three-level system. By driving the dressed cavity-qubit states of a two-dimensional circuit QED system, we generate a set of polariton states in the nesting regime. The lowest three energy levels are utilized to form the $Λ$-type system. EIT is observed and verified by Akaike's information criterion based testing. Negative group velocities up to $-0.52\pm0.09$ km/s are obtained based on the dispersion relation in the EIT transmission spectrum.
A logical system derived from linear logic and called QMLL is introduced and shown able to capture all unitary quantum circuits. Conversely, any proof is shown to compute, through a concrete GoI interpretation, some quantum circuits. The system QMLL, which enjoys cut-elimination, is obtained by endowing multiplicative linear logic with a quantum modality.
Modeling Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifiers with electromagnetic and circuit co-simulation
本文提出基于电磁与电路协同仿真的约瑟夫森行波参量放大器建模方法，直接进行全波电磁分析并提取S参数，输入非线性谐波平衡仿真器，仿真结果与实验吻合良好。
Here we show that to quantize any lumped element circuit, the circuit geometry must be included in a mathematical model of either the circuit fluxes or the circuit charges. By geometry of the circuit, we refer to the so-called parasitic inductances and capacitances that arise from the details of the circuit layout, which are well known to create noise in classical circuits. In contrast, the classical lumped element model describes only the topology of the circuit, which defines how different finite element variables are connected to one another by circuit components. By geometry we also refer …
In this paper we show that there is a direct correspondence between quantum Boolean operations and certain forms of classical (non-quantum) logic known as Reed-Muller expansions. This allows us to readily convert Boolean circuits into their quantum equivalents. A direct result of this is that the problem of synthesis and optimization of quantum Boolean logic can be tackled within the field of Reed-Muller logic.
The exponential speed up of quantum algorithms and the fundamental limits of current CMOS process for future design technology have directed attentions toward quantum circuits. In this paper, the matrix specification of a broad category of quantum circuits, i.e. CNOT-based circuits, are investigated. We prove that the matrix elements of CNOT-based circuits can only be zeros or ones. In addition, the columns or rows of such a matrix have exactly one element with the value of 1. Furthermore, we show that these specifications can be used to synthesize CNOT-based quantum circuits. In other words, …
Efficiently Building and Characterizing Electromagnetic Models of Multi-Qubit Superconducting Circuits
本文提出基于多端口阻抗函数并结合矢量拟合与有理函数互连的方法，高效构建多量子比特超导电路哈密顿量，并用于估计耦合速率、色散位移和弛豫时间。
Benchmarking logical three-qubit quantum Fourier transform encoded in the Steane code on a trapped-ion quantum computer
本研究采用Steane码实现逻辑编码三比特量子傅里叶变换线路，在囚禁离子量子计算机上完成组件及整体线路的基准测试，验证了逻辑量子线路性能与组件预测的一致性。
Quantum error correction and fault-tolerant quantum computation are two fundamental concepts which make quantum computing feasible. While providing a theoretical means with which to ensure the arbitrary accuracy of any quantum circuit, fault-tolerant error correction is predicated upon the robust preparation of logical states. An optimal direct circuit and a more complex fault-tolerant circuit for the preparation of the [[7,1,3]] Steane logical-zero are simulated in the presence of discrete quantum errors to quantify the regime within which fault-tolerant preparation of logical states is prefe…
Quantum circuit compression using qubit logic on qudits
提出QLOQ压缩方案，将量子比特分组映射到qudit，显著减少纠缠门数，在VQE和幺正分解中实现大幅加速，并打破CNOT成本下界。
Synthesis of quaternary quantum circuits involves basic quaternary gates and logic operations in the quaternary quantum domain. In this paper, we propose new projection operations and quaternary logic gates for synthesizing quaternary logic functions. We also demonstrate the realization of the proposed gates using basic quantum quaternary operations. We then employ our synthesis method to design of quaternary adder and some benchmark circuits. Our results in terms of circuit cost, are better than the existing works.
Quantum Circuit Discovery for Fault-Tolerant Logical State Preparation with Reinforcement Learning
针对基于标记协议的容错量子电路缺乏明确设计方法的问题，提出用强化学习自动发现紧凑且适配硬件的电路，在逻辑态制备任务中门和辅助量子比特更少，还支持探索连通性与迁移学习，为多类容错电路发现提供新路径。
Electromagnetic Feature Extraction in Superconducting Quantum Circuits: An Open-Source Finite-Element Workflow Using Palace
针对超导量子电路设计中电磁特征提取的需求，提出基于开源有限元求解器Palace的自动化工作流，经基准测试其谐振器频率预测误差≤0.3%、多数外部耦合误差≤16%，可匹配商业工具精度并支持免许可的可扩展分析。
Optimized Compilation of Logical Clifford Circuits
本文针对 [[n,n-2,2]] 码族，通过将量子模拟原语作为单块编译，提出一种提升为规模不变、深度高效的编译策略，显著降低编译电路的错误率。
Automated reduction of fault-tolerant circuits
本文提出一种基于故障等价重写的自动化方法，通过贝尔对缩减降低容错电路资源，并在Shor和Steane综合征提取中分别实现约21%和15%的逻辑错误率改进。
It has been experimentally proven that realizing universal quantum gates using higher-radices logic is practically and technologically possible. We developed a Parallel Genetic Algorithm that synthesizes Boolean reversible circuits realized with a variety of quantum gates on qudits with various radices. In order to allow synthesizing circuits of medium sizes in the higher radix quantum space we performed the experiments using a GPU accelerated Genetic Algorithm. Using the accelerated GA we compare heuristic improvements to the mutation process based on cost minimization, on the adaptive cost o…
Measure Now, Mitigate Later: Virtual Error Cancellation for Logical Quantum Circuits
该研究针对逻辑量子电路的残留误差问题，提出仅利用校正子记录的虚拟误差抵消方法，通过双解码器方案实现采样开销降低，误差随样本数增加而减小，可实现三个数量级以上的误差抑制。
Logical Error Rates for the Surface Code Under a Mixed Coherent and Stochastic Circuit-Level Noise Model Inspired by Trapped Ions
本文研究了基于离子阱的混合相干和随机噪声模型下的表面码逻辑错误率，验证了在高退相位率下错误抑制能力及逻辑错误率与随机模拟的一致性。
Single flux quantum (SFQ) logic is a promising candidate to replace the CMOS logic for high speed and low power applications due to its superiority in providing high performance and energy efficient circuits. However, developing effective Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools, which cater to special characteristics and requirements of SFQ circuits such as depth minimization and path balancing, are essential to automate the whole process of designing large SFQ circuits. In this paper, a novel technology mapping tool, called SFQmap, is presented, which provides optimization methods for minimi…
Thermodynamic Signature of Logical Depth in Quantum Circuits
本研究证明量子电路的逻辑深度可通过退相干下的熵产生来测量，提出逻辑深度因子$L_d$，并通过4分支电路实验验证，为电路设计提供新视角。
The article is a short opinionated review of the quantum treatment of electromagnetic circuits, with no pretension to exhaustiveness. This review, which is an updated and modernized version of a previous set of Les Houches School lecture notes, has 3 main parts. The first part describes how to construct a Hamiltonian for a general circuit, which can include dissipative elements. The second part describes the quantization of the circuit, with an emphasis on the quantum treatment of dissipation. The final part focuses on the Josephson non-linear element and the main linear building blocks from w…
In his 2003 paper "Towards an algebraic theory of Boolean circuits", Lafont notes that the class of reversible circuits over a set of k truth values is finitely generated when k is odd. He cites a private communication for the proof. The purpose of this short note is to make the content of that communication available.
The study of quantum heat transport in superconducting circuits is significant for further understanding the connection between quantum mechanics and thermodynamics, and for possible applications for quantum information. The first experimental realisations of devices demonstrating photonic heat transport mediated by a qubit have already been designed and measured. Motivated by the analysis of such experimental results, and for future experimental designs, we numerically evaluate the photonic heat transport of qubit-resonator devices in the linear circuit regime through electromagnetic simulati…
We present a multilayer surface-electrode ion trap with embedded 3D microwave circuitry for implementing entangling quantum logic gates. We discuss the electromagnetic full-wave simulation procedure that has led to the trap design and the characterization of the resulting microwave field-pattern using a single ion as a local field probe. The results agree with simulations within the uncertainty; compared to previous traps, this design reduces detrimental AC Zeeman shifts by three orders of magnitude. The design presented here can be viewed as an entangling gate component in a library for surfa…
The multiplicative depth of a logic network over the gate basis $\{\land, \oplus, \neg\}$ is the largest number of $\land$ gates on any path from a primary input to a primary output in the network. We describe a dynamic programming based logic synthesis algorithm to reduce the multiplicative depth in logic networks. It makes use of cut enumeration, tree balancing, and exclusive sum-of-products (ESOP) representations. Our algorithm has applications to cryptography and quantum computing, as a reduction in the multiplicative depth directly translates to a lower $T$-depth of the corresponding quan…
Sustaining high-fidelity quantum logic in neutral-atom circuits via mid-circuit operations
本文提出了一种中性原子电路的可持续框架，通过中间电路操作维持高保真量子逻辑，实现了多次操作轮次中门保真度的稳定提升。
Due to the unreliability and limited capacity of existing quantum computer prototypes, quantum circuit simulation continues to be a vital tool for validating next generation quantum computers and for studying variational quantum algorithms, which are among the leading candidates for useful quantum computation. Existing quantum circuit simulators do not address the common traits of variational algorithms, namely: 1) their ability to work with noisy qubits and operations, 2) their repeated execution of the same circuits but with different parameters, and 3) the fact that they sample from circuit…
Quantum Circuit Reasoning Models: A Variational Framework for Differentiable Logical Inference
量子电路推理模型通过变分框架实现可微逻辑推理，将量子力学操作映射到推理原语，用于科学、生物医学和化学领域的推理任务。
Logical devices based on electrical currents are ubiquitous in modern society. However, digital logic does have some drawbacks such as a relatively high power consumption. It is therefore of great interest to seek alternative means to build logical circuits that can either work as stand-alone devices or in conjunction with more traditional electronic circuits. One direction that holds great promise is the use of heat currents for logical components. In the present paper, we discuss a recent abstract proposal for a quantum thermal transistor and provide a concrete design of such a device using …
We design logic circuits based on the notion of zero forcing on graphs; each gate of the circuits is a gadget in which zero forcing is performed. We show that such circuits can evaluate every monotone Boolean function. By using two vertices to encode each logical bit, we obtain universal computation. We also highlight a phenomenon of "back forcing" as a property of each function. Such a phenomenon occurs in a circuit when the input of gates which have been already used at a given time step is further modified by a computation actually performed at a later stage. Finally, we point out that zero…
A fundamental question in the theory of quantum computation is to understand the ultimate space-time resource costs for performing a universal set of logical quantum gates to arbitrary precision. Here we demonstrate that non-Abelian anyons in Turaev-Viro quantum error correcting codes can be moved over a distance of order the code distance, and thus braided, by a constant depth local unitary quantum circuit followed by a permutation of qubits. Our gates are protected in the sense that the length of error strings do not grow by more than a constant factor. When applied to the Fibonacci code, ou…
This paper presents a physical mapping tool for quantum circuits, which generates the optimal Universal Logic Block (ULB) that can perform any logical fault-tolerant (FT) quantum operations with the minimum latency. The operation scheduling, placement, and qubit routing problems tackled by the quantum physical mapper are highly dependent on one another. More precisely, the scheduling solution affects the quality of the achievable placement solution due to resource pressures that may be created as a result of operation scheduling whereas the operation placement and qubit routing solutions influ…
On the electromagnetic couplings in superconducting qubit circuits
本文针对超导量子处理器中电磁耦合的设计挑战，从第一性原理出发构建了统一的理论框架，推导了典型系统的运动方程与输入输出关系，并严格定义了能量衰减率等关键参数，为建模线性电磁相互作用和开发先进超导量子硬件奠定了基础。
Quantum Thermal Logic Gates
提出一种基于耦合量子点系统与金属热库隧穿耦合的量子热逻辑门概念，实现热流逻辑操作，并与经典电子逻辑门结构一一对应。
Towards Block-Level Fault-Tolerant Quantum Simulation on Small High-Rate Non-CSS Codes
本研究利用[[8,3,3]]非CSS码和块级构造实现容错量子模拟，通过辛换位映射逻辑Trotter电路，分析了故障传播机制并评估多种缓解方法，展示了非CSS码块级容错的潜力。
Spacetime Spins: Statistical mechanics for error correction with stabilizer circuits
本文提出基于时空稳定子电路的统计力学方法，用于分析和比较不同纠错码的逻辑误差率及阈值，揭示了动态量子系统与抗噪声相物质的内在联系。
Classical Control, Quantum Circuits and Linear Logic in Enriched Category Theory
本文通过富范畴理论为基于电路的量子函数式编程语言建立范畴模型，将电路语言嵌入宿主语言，并利用W*-代数范畴的dcpo-富结构扩展递归类型。
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