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arXiv quant-ph/0105109quant-ph
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量子物理学基础:一般现实和操作方法

Foundations of quantum physics: a general realistic and operational approach

Diederik Aerts

摘要:

我们提出了一个一般的形式主义,目的是描述一个实体的情况,它是如何,它如何对实验作出反应,我们如何用它进行统计,以及它如何在宇宙其他部分的影响下发生变化。因此,我们将我们的形式主义建立在以下基本概念上:(1)实体的状态;它们描述了实体的存在模式;(2)可以在实体上进行的实验;它们描述了我们如何作用于实体并收集关于实体的知识;(3)概率;它们描述了我们重复的实验和这些重复实验的统计;(4)对称性;它们描述了实体与外部世界的相互作用,而没有被实验。从这些基本概念出发,我们制定必要的派生概念:混合状态,混合实验和事件,本征封闭结构描述的实体的属性,一个ortho封闭结构引入orthocomplementation,结果确定,实验确定,状态确定和原子性引起的一些拓扑分离公理的封闭。我们以一般的方式定义子实体的概念,并确定我们的结构的态射。我们详细研究了具体的例子,在这种形式主义:一个经典的确定性实体和量子实体所描述的标准量子力学形式主义。我们提出了一个可能的解决方案的子实体的描述在标准的量子力学过程中使用的希尔伯特空间的张量积的问题,通过引入一个新的完整的量子力学在希尔伯特空间,新的“纯”状态被引入,而不是由希尔伯特空间的射线表示。

英文摘要:

We present a general formalism with the aim of describing the situation of an entity, how it is, how it reacts to experiments, how we can make statistics with it, and how it changes under the influence of the rest of the universe. Therefore we base our formalism on the following basic notions: (1) the states of the entity; they describe the modes of being of the entity, (2) the experiments that can be performed on the entity; they describe how we act upon and collect knowledge about the entity, (3) the probabilities; they describe our repeated experiments and the statistics of these repeated experiments, (4) the symmetries; they describe the interactions of the entity with the external world without being experimented upon. Starting from these basic notions we formulate the necessary derived notions: mixed states, mixed experiments and events, an eigen closure structure describing the properties of the entity, an ortho closure structure introducing an orthocomplementation, outcome determination, experiment determination, state determination and atomicity giving rise to some of the topological separation axioms for the closures. We define the notion of sub entity in a general way and identify the morphisms of our structure. We study specific examples in detail in the light of this formalism: a classical deterministic entity and a quantum entity described by the standard quantum mechanical formalism. We present a possible solution to the problem of the description of sub entities within the standard quantum mechanical procedure using the tensor product of the Hilbert spaces, by introducing a new completed quantum mechanics in Hilbert space, were new 'pure' states are introduced, not represented by rays of the Hilbert space.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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