Miloslav Znojil
In a PT symmetrically complexified square well, bound states are constructed by the matching technique. Their energies prove real in a domain of weak non-Hermiticity, and continuous in the Hermitian limit. At a sequence of certain strong-Hermiticity thresholds, the lowest two energies merge and disappear.
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The effect of the built-in supersymmetric quantum mechanical language on the spectrum of the (1+1)-Dirac equation, with position-dependent mass (PDM) and complexified Lorentz scalar interactions, is re-emphasized. The signature of the "quasi-parity" on the Dirac particles' spectra is also studied. A Dirac particle with PDM and complexified scalar interactions of the form S(z)=S(x-ib) (an inversely linear plus linear, leading to a PT-symmetric oscillator model), and S(x)=S_{r}(x)+iS_{i}(x) (a PT-symmetric Scarf II model) are considered. Moreover, a first-order intertwining differential operator…
We analyze a set of three PT-symmetric complex potentials, namely harmonic oscillator, generalized Poschl-Teller and Scarf II, all of which reveal a double series of energy levels along with the corresponding superpotential. Inspired by the fact that two superpotentials reside naturally in order-two parasupersymmetry (PSUSY) and second-derivative supersymmetry (SSUSY) schemes, we complexify their frameworks to successfully account for the three potentials.
The $\cal PT$-symmetric complexified Scarf II potential $V(x)= - V_1 \sech^{2}x + {\rm i} V_2 \sech x \tanh x$, $V_1>0$ , $V_{2}\neq 0$ is revisited to study the interplay among its coupling parameters. The existence of an isolated real and positive energy level that has been recently identified as a spectral singularity or zero-width resonance is here demonstrated through the behaviour of the corresponding wavefunctions and some property of the associated pseudo-norms is pointed out. We also construct four different rationally-extended supersymmetric partners to $V(x)$, which are $\cal PT$-sy…
Extending the supersymmetric method proposed by Tkachuk to the complex domain, we obtain general expressions for superpotentials allowing generation of quasi-exactly solvable PT-symmetric potentials with two known real eigenvalues (the ground state and first-excited state energies). We construct examples, namely those of complexified non-polynomial oscillators and of a complexified hyperbolic potential, to demonstrate how our scheme works in practice. For the former we provide a connection with the sl(2) method, illustrating the comparative advantages of the supersymmetric one.
Discrete PT-symmetric square wells are studied. Their wave functions are found proportional to classical Tshebyshev polynomials of complex argument. The compact secular equations for energies are derived giving the real spectra in certain intervals of non-Hermiticity strengths Z. It is amusing to notice that although the known square well re-emerges in the usual continuum limit, a twice as rich, upside-down symmetric spectrum is exhibited by all its present discretized predecessors.
We study scattering properties of a PT-symmetric square well potential with real depth larger than the threshold of particle-antiparticle pair production as the time component of a vector potential in the (1+1)-dimensional Dirac equation.
Exact solvability of the discretized N-point version of the PT-symmetric square-well model is pointed out. Its wave functions are found proportional to the classical Tshebyshev polynomials of a complex argument. At all N a compact secular equation is derived giving the real spectrum of energies at any non-Hermiticity strength Z below its finite and weakly N-dependent critical value. In the limit of vanishing Z the model degenerates to a Hermitian Hueckel Hamiltonian.
Coupled pair of PT-symmetric square wells is studied as a prototype of a quantum system characterized by two manifestly non-Hermitian commuting observables. We demonstrate that there exists a domain of couplings where both the respective sets of eigenvalues (viz., energies and spin projections) remain real and where the model acquires a consistent probabilistic interpretation mediated by an `ad hoc' scalar product.
Spectra and transport of probability and energy densities in a $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric square well with a delta-function potential
研究含δ函数势的$\mathcal{PT}$对称方阱模型，发现δ势增强导致例外点和密度累积，并证明对称相中输运高效，可导出广义幺正关系。
We pick up a solvable ${\cal PT}-$symmetric quantum square well on an interval of $x \in := (-L,L)\mathbb{G}^{(2)}$ (with an $α-$dependent non-Hermiticity given by Robin boundary conditions) and generalize it. In essence, we just replace the support interval $\mathbb{G}^{(2)}$ (reinterpreted as an equilateral two-pointed star graph with the Kirchhoff matching at the vertex $x=0$) by a $q-$pointed equilateral star graph $\mathbb{G}^{(q)}$ endowed with the simplest complex-rotation-symmetric external $α-$dependent Robin boundary conditions. The remarkably compact form of the secular determinant …
We consider symmetric powers of a graph. In particular, we show that the spectra of the symmetric square of strongly regular graphs with the same parameters are equal. We also provide some bounds on the spectra of the symmetric squares of more general graphs. The connection with generic exchange Hamiltonians in quantum mechanics is discussed in an appendix.
It's known that if $d^2$ vectors from $d$-dimensional Hilbert space $H$ form a SIC-POVM (SIC for short) then tensor square of those vectors form an equiangular tight frame on the symmetric subspace of $H\otimes H$. We prove that for any SIC of WH-type (Weyl-Heisenberg group covariant) this squared frame can be obtained as a projection of WH-type basis of $H\otimes H$ onto the symmetric subspace. We give a full description of the set of all WH-type bases, so this set could be used as a search space for SIC solutions. Also we show that a particular element of this set is close to a SIC solution …
A new version of an elementary PT-symmetric square well quantum model is proposed in which a certain Hermiticity-violating end-point interaction leaves the spectrum real in a large domain of couplings $λ\in (-1,1)$. Within this interval we employ the usual coupling-independent operator P of parity and construct, in a systematic Runge-Kutta discrete approximation, a coupling-dependent operator of charge C which enables us to classify our P-asymmetric model as CPT-symmetric or, equivalently, hiddenly Hermitian alias cryptohermitian.
It has been shown that a Hamiltonian with an unbroken $\cP\cT$ symmetry also possesses a hidden symmetry that is represented by the linear operator $\cC$. This symmetry operator $\cC$ guarantees that the Hamiltonian acts on a Hilbert space with an inner product that is both positive definite and conserved in time, thereby ensuring that the Hamiltonian can be used to define a unitary theory of quantum mechanics. In this paper it is shown how to construct the operator $\cC$ for the $\cP\cT$-symmetric square well using perturbative techniques.
For non-Hermitian equilateral q-pointed star-shaped quantum graphs of paper I [Can. J. Phys. 90, 1287 (2012), arXiv 1205.5211] we show that due to certain dynamical aspects of the model as controlled by the external, rotation-symmetric complex Robin boundary conditions, the spectrum is obtainable in a closed asymptotic-expansion form, in principle at least. Explicit formulae up to the second order are derived for illustration, and a few comments on their consequences are added.
We study an anti-symmetric (square) well and barrier potential of depth/height $(V_0)$ placed between two rigid walls. Unlike the usual double-well, here the closely lying sub-barrier doublets need not be the lowest ones in the spectrum. When $V_0$ admits certain calculable values, $E=0$ or $E=V_0$ or both could become energy eigenvalues of the special eigenstate which emerge only if one seeks a linear solution of Schr{ö}dinger equation in the appropriate regions.
We study how well functions over the boolean hypercube of the form $f_k(x)=(|x|-k)(|x|-k-1)$ can be approximated by sums of squares of low-degree polynomials, obtaining good bounds for the case of approximation in $\ell_{\infty}$-norm as well as in $\ell_1$-norm. We describe three complexity-theoretic applications: (1) a proof that the recent breakthrough lower bound of Lee, Raghavendra, and Steurer on the positive semidefinite extension complexity of the correlation and TSP polytopes cannot be improved further by showing better sum-of-squares degree lower bounds on $\ell_1$-approximation of $…
Quantum spin liquids can be faithfully represented and efficiently characterized within the framework of Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS). Guided by extensive exact diagonalization and density matrix renormalization group calculations, we construct an optimized symmetric PEPS for a SU$(3)_1$ chiral spin liquid on the square lattice. Characteristic features are revealed by the entanglement spectrum (ES) on an infinitely long cylinder. In all three $\mathbb{Z}_3$ sectors, the level counting of the linear dispersing modes is in full agreement with SU$(3)_1$ Wess-Zumino-Witten conformal fiel…
N-site-lattice Hamiltonians H are introduced and perceived as a set of systematic discrete approximants of a certain PT-symmetric square-well-potential model with the real spectrum and with a non-Hermiticity which is localized near the boundaries of the interval. Its strength is controlled by one, two or three parameters. The problem of the explicit construction of a nontrivial metric which makes the theory unitary is then addressed. It is proposed and demonstrated that due to the not too complicated tridiagonal-matrix form of our input Hamiltonians the computation of the metric is straightfor…
The PT-symmetric square well problem is considered in a SUSY framework. When the coupling strength $Z$ lies below the critical value $Z_0^{\rm (crit)}$ where PT symmetry becomes spontaneously broken, we find a hierarchy of SUSY partner potentials, depicting an unbroken SUSY situation and reducing to the family of $\sec^2$-like potentials in the $Z \to 0$ limit. For $Z$ above $Z_0^{\rm (crit)}$, there is a rich diversity of SUSY hierarchies, including some with PT-symmetry breaking and some with partial PT-symmetry restoration.
It is shown that the alpha^2-dynamo of Magnetohydrodynamics, the hydrodynamic Squire equation as well as an interpolation model of PT-symmetric Quantum Mechanics are closely related as spectral problems in Krein spaces. For the alpha^2-dynamo and the PT-symmetric model the strong similarities are demonstrated with the help of a 2x2 operator matrix representation, whereas the Squire equation is re-interpreted as a rescaled and Wick-rotated PT-symmetric problem. Based on recent results on the Squire equation the spectrum of the PT-symmetric interpolation model is analyzed in detail and the Herbs…
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