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arXiv quant-ph/0005115quant-ph
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三个量子比特可以以两种不等价的方式纠缠在一起

Three qubits can be entangled in two inequivalent ways

W. Dür, G. Vidal, J. I. Cirac

摘要:

多体系统的可逆局部变换被用来定义纠缠态集合中的等价类。这种分类关注的是状态的单个副本的纠缠特性。相应地,如果两个态都能以非零概率通过局域操作和经典通信(LOCC)从另一个态中获得,则称两个态具有相同的纠缠。当应用于三量子比特系统的纯态时,这种方法揭示了两种不等价的真正三方纠缠的存在,其中GHZ态和W态是显着的代表。特别地,我们证明了当追踪到三个量子比特中的任何一个时,W态保持最大的二分纠缠。我们将我们的结果推广到高维子系统的情况下,也超过三个子系统,对于所有这些,我们表明,通常情况下,两个随机选择的纯态不能转换成彼此通过LOCC,甚至没有一个小的成功概率。

英文摘要:

Invertible local transformations of a multipartite system are used to define equivalence classes in the set of entangled states. This classification concerns the entanglement properties of a single copy of the state. Accordingly, we say that two states have the same kind of entanglement if both of them can be obtained from the other by means of local operations and classical communcication (LOCC) with nonzero probability. When applied to pure states of a three-qubit system, this approach reveals the existence of two inequivalent kinds of genuine tripartite entanglement, for which the GHZ state and a W state appear as remarkable representatives. In particular, we show that the W state retains maximally bipartite entanglement when any one of the three qubits is traced out. We generalize our results both to the case of higher dimensional subsystems and also to more than three subsystems, for all of which we show that, typically, two randomly chosen pure states cannot be converted into each other by means of LOCC, not even with a small probability of success.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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