玻尔兹曼认识论思想中的理论评估与实在
Theory assessment and reality in Boltzmann's epistemological thinking
AI总结：
本文基于既有研究拓展了玻尔兹曼的认识论视角，梳理其思想产生的历史背景，指出玻尔兹曼晚年意识到原有“科学理论是自然图像”论点的局限，其思想从认识论延伸至实在论领域。
摘要：
本文探讨了在奥地利物理学家路德维希·E·玻尔兹曼提出的认识论观点下如何对理论进行评估。本文以Ribeiro和Videira（1998，arXiv:physics/9806011）提出的玻尔兹曼思想视角为基础并对其做了进一步拓展。玻尔兹曼的认识论观点承认实在是真实存在的，并提出实在可以通过不同视角来描述，因为他的核心哲学论点主张科学理论是自然的图像。我们介绍了玻尔兹曼思想产生的历史背景，并通过论证玻尔兹曼在晚年意识到其论点不足以作为理论多元论和避免教条主义的依据，拓展了Ribeiro和Videira（同上）的观点。由此，他的思想超越了认识论（即科学知识的本质）范畴，纳入了实在论（即被表征对象的本质）。
英文摘要：
This paper discusses how theories can be assessed within the epistemological viewpoint advanced by the Austrian physicist Ludwig E. Boltzmann. It builds upon, and further develops, the perspective of Boltzmann's thinking as advanced by Ribeiro and Videira (1998, arXiv:physics/9806011). Boltzmann's epistemological viewpoint accepts that reality is real and proposes that reality can be described by different points of view because his main philosophical thesis states that scientific theories are images of Nature. We present the historical context that witnessed the genesis of Boltzmann's ideas and expand Ribeiro and Videira's (Ibid.) perspective by arguing that later in his life Boltzmann realized the insufficiency of his thesis as justification for theoretical pluralism and avoidance of dogmatism. Consequently, his thinking went beyond epistemology, the nature of scientific knowledge, to include realism, the nature of the represented objects.
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