用于环境研究和辐射监测的核径迹探测器
Nuclear Track Detectors for Environmental Studies and Radiation Monitoring
摘要：
对用于环境研究和粒子搜索的核径迹探测器进行了若干改进。采用一种新的方法测定了CR 39和Makrofol NTD的体刻蚀速率。它是基于相对论重离子（158 A GeV Pb（82+）和In（49+）离子）及其碎片引起的蚀坑锥的直径和高度的同时测量。在蚀刻溶液中使用酒精改善了NTD的表面质量，并提高了它们的阈值。该探测器用于测定1.0和0.41 GeV/核子的铁和硅离子的核碎裂截面。这些测量对于确定强子治疗中的剂量和宇航员接受的剂量是重要的。这些探测器还被用于寻找宇宙辐射中的大质量粒子，确定宇宙射线的质谱，以及评价Po（210）α衰变和天然氡浓度。
英文摘要：
Several improvements were made for Nuclear Track Detectors (NTDs) used for environmental studies and for particle searches. A new method was used to determine the bulk etch rate of CR39 and Makrofol NTDs. It is based on the simultaneous measurement of the diameter and of the height of etch-pit cones caused by relativistic heavy ions (158 A GeV Pb(82+) and In(49+) ions) and their fragments. The use of alcohol in the etching solution improves the surface quality of NTDs and it raises their thresholds. The detectors were used for the determination of nuclear fragmentation cross sections of Iron and Silicon ions of 1.0 and 0.41 GeV/nucleon. These measurements are important for the determination of doses in hadron therapy and for doses received by astronauts. The detectors were also used in the search of massive particles in the cosmic radiation, for the determination of the mass spectrum of cosmic rays and for the evaluation of Po(210) alpha decay and of natural radon concentrations.
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