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理想等离子体中Alfven定理的失效

The Breakdown of Alfven's Theorem in Ideal Plasma Flows

Gregory L. Eyink, Hussein Aluie

摘要:

本文给出了理想等离子体磁通量守恒被非线性效应破坏的严格结果和物理理论。我们的分析是基于一个有效的磁流体动力学(MHD)模式在长度尺度$>\ell,$与较小的尺度消除,在重整化群方法。我们证明,通量守恒可以违反一个任意小的长度尺度$\ell,$,在没有任何非理想性,但只有当奇异电流片和涡片都存在,并相交于集足够大的尺寸。这一结果为快速湍流重联理论提供了分析支持和严格约束。在数学上,我们的定理类似于Onsager关于水动力湍流中能量耗散异常的结果。作为一种物理现象,理想磁流体中磁通量守恒的破坏类似于通过窄超导环的磁通量的衰减,由量子化磁通线的相位滑移引起。在数值MHD模拟和实验室等离子体实验中,在中等高的磁雷诺数的效果应该是可观察到的。

英文摘要:

This paper presents both rigorous results and physical theory on the breakdown of magnetic flux conservation for ideal plasmas, by nonlinear effects. Our analysis is based upon an effective equation for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modes at length-scales $>\ell,$ with smaller scales eliminated, as in renormalization-group methodology. We prove that flux-conservation can be violated for an arbitrarily small length-scale $\ell,$ and in the absence of any non-ideality, but only if singular current sheets and vortex sheets both exist and intersect in sets of large enough dimension. This result gives analytical support to and rigorous constraints on theories of fast turbulent reconnection. Mathematically, our theorem is analogous to Onsager's result on energy dissipation anomaly in hydrodynamic turbulence. As a physical phenomenon, the breakdown of magnetic-flux conservation in ideal MHD is similar to the decay of magnetic flux through a narrow superconducting ring, by phase-slip of quantized flux lines. The effect should be observable both in numerical MHD simulations and in laboratory plasma experiments at moderately high magnetic Reynolds numbers.

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