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arXiv physics/0602126physics.plasm-phphysics.flu-dyn
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在机械强迫的湍流中电流产生和发电机激励的数值模拟

Numerical simulations of current generation and dynamo excitation in a mechanically-forced, turbulent flow

R. A. Bayliss, C. B. Forest, M. D. Nornberg, E. J. Spence, P. W. Terry

摘要:

本文用三维数值计算方法研究了机械驱动球形发电机实验中湍流在电流产生和磁场自激中的作用。一个简单的叶轮模型驱动的流动,可以产生一个不断增长的磁场,这取决于磁雷诺数,Rm,和流体雷诺数。当流动是层流时,发电机过渡是由一个简单的阈值在Rm,以上的增长的磁本征模观察。本征模主要是一个偶极场横向对称轴的流动。在饱和时,洛伦兹力使流动减慢,使得磁本征模变得勉强稳定。对于湍流,发电机本征模被抑制。抑制的机制是由于一个随时间变化的大尺度场和波动驱动电流的存在,有效地提高磁扩散率的组合。对于更高的Rm,发电机再次出现,然而磁场的结构通常与层流发电机不同;它由偶极磁场主导,该偶极磁场与平均流的对称轴对齐,显然是由波动驱动的电流产生的。通过对层流和湍流施加弱磁场,研究了脉动驱动电流。由波动产生的磁场是显着的:与平均流的对称轴对齐的偶极矩产生类似于在实验中观察到的,并观察到环形和极向通量驱逐。

英文摘要:

The role of turbulence in current generation and self-excitation of magnetic fields has been studied in the geometry of a mechanically driven, spherical dynamo experiment, using a three dimensional numerical computation. A simple impeller model drives a flow which can generate a growing magnetic field, depending upon the magnetic Reynolds number, Rm, and the fluid Reynolds number. When the flow is laminar, the dynamo transition is governed by a simple threshold in Rm, above which a growing magnetic eigenmode is observed. The eigenmode is primarily a dipole field tranverse to axis of symmetry of the flow. In saturation the Lorentz force slows the flow such that the magnetic eigenmode becomes marginally stable. For turbulent flow, the dynamo eigenmode is suppressed. The mechanism of suppression is due to a combination of a time varying large-scale field and the presence of fluctuation driven currents which effectively enhance the magnetic diffusivity. For higher Rm a dynamo reappears, however the structure of the magnetic field is often different from the laminar dynamo; it is dominated by a dipolar magnetic field which is aligned with the axis of symmetry of the mean-flow, apparently generated by fluctuation-driven currents. The fluctuation-driven currents have been studied by applying a weak magnetic field to laminar and turbulent flows. The magnetic fields generated by the fluctuations are significant: a dipole moment aligned with the symmetry axis of the mean-flow is generated similar to those observed in the experiment, and both toroidal and poloidal flux expulsion are observed.

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