S. Majewski, A. Margaryan, L. Tang
A new particle identification device for Jlab 12 GeV program is proposed. It is based on the measurement of time information obtained by means of a new photon detector and time measuring concept. The expected time measurement precision for the Cherenkov time-of-flight detector is about or less than 10 picosecond for Cherenkov radiators with lengths less than 50 cm.
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TORCH is a time-of-flight detector concept using Cherenkov light to provide charged particle identification up to 10 GeV/c. The concept and design are described and performance in simulation is quantified.
We report on the first measurements of coherent microwave impulses from high-energy particle-induced electromagnetic showers generated via the Askaryan effect in a dielectric-loaded waveguide. Bunches of 12.16 GeV electrons with total bunch energy of $\sim 10^3-10^4$ GeV were pre-showered in tungsten, and then measured with WR-51 rectangular (12.6 mm by 6.3 mm) waveguide elements loaded with solid alumina ($Al_2 O_3$) bars. In the 5-8 GHz $TE_{10}$ single-mode band determined by the presence of the dielectric in the waveguide, we observed band-limited microwave impulses with amplitude proporti…
We describe a detector for measuring the time of flight of forward protons at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) up to and beyond the full instantaneous design luminosity of 1034 cm-2 s-1. Our design is based on deep diffused, high gain avalanche photodiodes (APDs) which give a signal of ~6000 e when traversed by 7 Teravolt protons. We observe pulse risetimes of 650 psec and a pulse width of 5 nsec and calculate a time resolution of ~10 psec and a maximum count rate of >100 Mhz.
Development of a picosecond-timing Cherenkov detector using gaseous photomultiplification
该研究开发了基于气体光电倍增的切伦科夫探测器，利用LaB6和CsI光电阴极实现皮秒级时间分辨，测试表明通过提高间隙电压可达到低于10皮秒的飞行时间测量目标。
Initial Assessment of Second Generation of Large-Area Picosecond Photodetectors with Multi-Channel Systems-on-a-Chip Readout
本文评估了第二代大区域皮秒光电探测器与多通道系统级芯片读出的结合效果，展示了其在精确定时应用中的潜力。
Segmented readout for Cherenkov time-of-flight positron emission tomography detectors based on bismuth germanate
针对BGO混合材料在TOF PET中因切伦科夫光与闪烁光混合检测导致的定时展宽问题，提出通过对耦合单晶的SiPM像素进行分段读出，利用多时间戳和光子计数提供时间光子密度以有效分类事件，为医学成像等领域带来新机遇。
Many of the yet unanswered questions in neutrino physics, such as CP violation in the lepton sector or neutrino mass hierarchy, could be answered with higher sensitivity neutrino experiments. New photodetectors based on micro-channel plates are being developed by the Large-Area Picosecond Photo Detector (LAPPD) Collaboration. These photosensors have been shown to have excellent spatial and timing resolution. Using these devices in massive water Cherenkov detectors, we could significantly improve the vertex resolution for neutrinos enhancing background rejection for neutrino oscillation experim…
Liquid xenon offers several features, which make it suitable for applications in nuclear medicine, such as high scintillation yield and fast scintillation decay time. Moreover, being a continuous medium with a uniform response, liquid xenon allows one to avoid most of the geometrical distortions of conventional detectors based on scintillating crystals. In this paper, we describe how these properties have motivated the development of a novel concept for positron emission tomography scanners with Time-Of-Flight measurement, which combines a liquid xenon scintillating volume and silicon photomul…
The EUSO-SPB2 Cherenkov Telescope -- Flight Performance and Preliminary Results
本文介绍EUSO-SPB2切伦科夫望远镜，其采用施密特光学和SiPM相机，用于在最高海拔成像大气簇射以探测超高能中微子，并报告飞行性能与初步结果。
Performance of a coarsely pixelated LAPPD photosensor for the SoLID gas Cherenkov detectors
本文测试了粗像素化LAPPD光电传感器在SoLID气体切伦科夫探测器中的性能，证实其能应对高亮度高本底环境并区分单电子与电子对事件，可替代MaPMT阵列。
We report experimental test-beam results on dielectric-loaded waveguide detectors that utilize microwave Cherenkov signals to time and characterize high energy particle showers. These results are used to validate models and produce high-fidelity simulations of timing plane systems which yield picosecond time tags and millimeter spatial coordinates for the shower centroid. These timing planes, based on the Askaryan effect in solid dielectrics, are most effective at the high center-of-momentum energies planned for the Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh), and are of particular interest in the forwa…
Time-of-flight measurement is an important advancement in PET scanners to improve image reconstruction with a lower delivered radiation dose. This article describes the monolithic ASIC for the TT-PET project, a novel idea for a high-precision PET scanner for small animals. The chip uses a SiGe Bi-CMOS process for timing measurements, integrating a fully-depleted pixel matrix with a low-power BJT-based front-end per channel, integrated on the same 100 $μ m$ thick die. The target timing resolution is 30 ps RMS for electrons from the conversion of 511 keV photons. A novel synchronization scheme u…
The prospect of pileup induced backgrounds at the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) has stimulated intense interest in developing technologies for charged particle detection with accurate timing at high rates. The required accuracy follows directly from the nominal interaction distribution within a bunch crossing ($σ_z\sim5$ cm, $σ_t\sim170$ ps). A time resolution of the order of 20-30 ps would lead to significant reduction of these backgrounds. With this goal, we present a new detection concept called PICOSEC, which is based on a "two-stage" Micromegas detector coupled to a Cherenkov radiator and …
Development of a Cherenkov-Based Time-of-Flight Detector Using Silicon Photomultipliers
本文开发了基于高折射率固态切连科夫辐射体的高精度时差探测器，利用硅光电倍增管实现高时间分辨率，通过优化材料和几何结构，实验验证了优于33.2 ps的时间分辨能力和100%的电荷粒子探测效率。
We study the impact of picosecond precision timing detection systems on the LHC experiments' long-lived particle search program during the HL-LHC era. We develop algorithms that allow us to reconstruct the mass of such charged particles and perform particle identification using the time-of-flight measurement. We investigate the reach for benchmark scenarios as a function of the timing resolution, and find sensitivity improvement of up to a factor of ten, depending on the new heavy particle mass.
We present an experimental setup for laser-based angle-resolved time-of-flight (LARTOF) photoemission. Using a picosecond pulsed laser, photons of energy 10.5 eV are generated through higher harmonic generation in xenon. The high repetition rate of the light source, variable between 0.2-8 MHz, enables high photoelectron count rates and short acquisition times. By using a Time-of-Flight (ToF) analyzer with angle-resolving capabilities electrons emitted from the sample within a circular cone of up to \pm15 degrees can be collected. Hence, simultaneous acquisition of photoemission data for a comp…
With the newly gained interest in the time of flight method for positron emission tomography (TOF-PET), many options for pushing the time resolution to its borders have been investigated. As one of these options the exploitation of the Cherenkov effect has been proposed, since it allows to bypass the scintillation process and therefore provides almost instantaneous response to incident 511keV annihilation photons. Our simulation studies on the yield of Cherenkov photons, their arrival rate at the photon detector and their angular distribution reveal a significant influence by Cherenkov photons…
This manuscript describes measurements of water-based liquid scintillators (WbLS), demonstrating separation of the Cherenkov and scintillation components using the fast timing response of a Large Area Picosecond Photodector (LAPPD). Additionally, the time profiles of three WbLS mixtures, defined by the relative fractions of scintillating compound, are characterized, with improved sensitivity to the scintillator rise-time. The measurements were made using both an LAPPD and a conventional photomultiplier tube (PMT). All samples were measured with an effective resolution O(100 ps), which allows f…
The paper reviews recent progress in particle identification methods. A survey of motivations and requirements for particle identification in various experimental environments is followed by the main emphasis, which is on the recent development of Cherenkov counters, from upgrades of existing devices to a novel focusing radiator concept and new photon detectors. The impact of including a precise measurement of the time of arrival of Cherenkov photons to increase the kinematical region over which particle identification can be performed is discussed. The progress in dedicated time-of-flight cou…
The PICOSEC detection concept consists in a "two-stage" Micromegas detector coupled to a Cherenkov radiator and equipped with a photocathode. A proof of concept has already been tested: a single-photoelectron response of 76 ps has been measured with a femtosecond UV laser at CEA/IRAMIS, while a time resolution of 24 ps with a mean yield of 10.4 photoelectrons has been measured for 150 GeV muons at the CERN SPS H4 secondary line. This work will present the main results of this prototype and the performance of the different detector configurations tested in 2016-18 beam campaigns: readouts (bulk…
This article describes the physics and nonproliferation goals of WATCHMAN, the WAter Cherenkov Monitor for ANtineutrinos. The baseline WATCHMAN design is a kiloton scale gadolinium-doped (Gd) light water Cherenkov detector, placed 13 kilometers from a civil nuclear reactor in the United States. In its first deployment phase, WATCHMAN will be used to remotely detect a change in the operational status of the reactor, providing a first- ever demonstration of the potential of large Gd-doped water detectors for remote reactor monitoring for future international nuclear nonproliferation applications…
Investigating the Timing Behavior of Compton Scattering in BGO for Time-of-Flight PET
本研究探讨BGO中康普顿散射对TOF-PET时间分辨的影响，发现InterCS事件显著降低时间分辨率，需采用时间感知的像素时间戳策略以维持性能。
Incom Inc. Large Area Picosecond Photodetector (LAPPD) 38 has been tested at Jefferson Lab to identify single-photoelectron signals to assess the potential of this type of device for future applications in Cherenkov light detection. Single-photoelectron signals were clearly detected if a tight collimation of photons impinging on the photocathode was used compared to the pixelation of the charge collection signal board.
TORCH is a time-of-flight detector, designed to provide charged pi/K particle identification up to a momentum of 10 GeV/c for a 10 m flight path. To achieve this level of performance, a time resolution of 15 ps per incident particle is required. TORCH uses a plane of quartz of 1 cm thickness as a source of Cherenkov photons, which are then focussed onto square Micro-Channel Plate Photomultipliers (MCP-PMTs) of active area 53 x 53 mm^2, segmented into 8 x 128 pixels equivalent. A small-scale TORCH demonstrator with a customised MCP-PMT and associated readout electronics has been successfully op…
The fast scintillation decay time and the high scintillation yield of liquid xenon makes it an appropriate material for nuclear medicine. Moreover, being a continuous medium with a uniform response, liquid xenon allows one to avoid most of the geometrical distortions of conventional detectors based on scintillating crystals. In this paper, we describe how these properties have motivated the development of a novel concept for positron emission tomography scanners with Time-Of-Flight measurement, which uses liquid xenon as a scintillating material and silicon photomultipliers as sensors. Monte C…
The solenoidal large intensity device (SoLID) at Jefferson Lab will push the boundaries of luminosity for a large-acceptance detector, which necessitates the use of a light-gas threshold Cherenkov counter for online event selection. Due to the high luminosity, the single-photon background rate in this counter can exceed 160 kHz/cm$^2$ at the photosensors. Therefore, it is essential to validate the high-rate limits of the planned photosensors and readout electronics in order to mitigate the risk of failure. We report on the design and an early set of studies carried out using a small telescopic…
TORCH is a large-area, high-precision time-of-flight (ToF) detector designed to provide charged-particle identification in the 2-20 GeV$/c$ momentum range. Prompt Cherenkov photons emitted by charged hadrons as they traverse a 10mm quartz radiator are propagated to the periphery of the detector, where they are focused onto an array of micro-channel plate photomultiplier tubes (MCP-PMTs). The position and arrival times of the photons are used to infer the particles' time of entry in the radiator, to identify hadrons based on their ToF. The MCP-PMTs were developed with an industrial partner to s…
This paper reports the successful fabrication of silica aerogel Cherenkov radiators produced in the first batches from a 96-tile mass production performed using pin-drying technique in our laboratory. The aerogels are to be used in a ring-imaging Cherenkov detector in the spectrometer of a planned balloon-borne cosmic-ray observation program, HELIX (High Energy Light Isotope eXperiment). A total of 36 transparent, hydrophobic aerogel tiles with a high refractive index of 1.16 and dimensions of 10 cm $\times $ 10 cm $\times $ 1 cm will be chosen as the flight radiators. Thus far, 40 out of the …
Development of a sub-100 ps Time-of-Flight detector with SiPM-readout scintillator for measurement of cosmic muon velocity
本文提出一种基于塑料闪烁体和定制SiPM阵列的高时间分辨率宇宙射线探测器，通过多面读出拓扑结构实现亚100皮秒的时间分辨能力，验证了其在μ子速度测量中的应用潜力。
We describe the concept of a new gamma ray scintronic detector targeting a time resolution of the order of 25 ps FWHM, with millimetric volume reconstruction and high detection efficiency. Its design consists of a monolithic large PbWO4 scintillating crystal with an efficient photocathode directly deposited on it. With an index of refraction higher for the photocathode than for the crystal, this design negates the total reflection effect of optical photons at the crystal/photo-detector optical interface, and thus largely improves optical coupling between the crystal and the photodetector. This…
First experimental proof of PET imaging based on multi-anode MCP-PMTs with Cherenkov radiator-integrated window
本研究开发了基于8×8阳极切伦科夫辐射体集成窗口MCP-PMT的双模块PET成像平台，实现103 ps FWHM的符合时间分辨率，首次完成模块级切伦科夫PET成像并验证了其可行性。
TORCH is a time-of-flight detector designed to perform particle identification over the momentum range 2$-$10 GeV/c for a 10 m flight path. The detector exploits prompt Cherenkov light produced by charged particles traversing a quartz plate of 10 mm thickness. Photons are then trapped by total internal reflection and directed onto a detector plane instrumented with customised position-sensitive Micro-Channel Plate Photo-Multiplier Tube (MCP-PMT) detectors. A single-photon timing resolution of 70 ps is targeted to achieve the desired separation of pions and kaons, with an expectation of around …
Emphasizing Cherenkov photons from bismuth germanate by single photon deconvolution
针对BGO中切伦科夫光子难以从闪烁光中分辨的问题，提出利用单光子响应反卷积增强探测器波形中的微弱切伦科夫信号，实验验证其PDF与传统方法一致且符合时间分辨率改善43%。
Temperature Dependence of the Time Resolution in a SiPM-Readout Plastic Scintillator for Cosmic-Ray Applications
针对宇宙线探测中SiPM读出塑料闪烁体性能受温度影响的问题，构建TOF原型开展控温测试，验证其在-20至20℃范围内可实现稳定的160ps最优时间分辨率。
TORCH is a novel time-of-flight detector that has been developed to provide charged-particle identification between 2 and 10 GeV/c momentum. TORCH combines arrival times from multiple Cherenkov photons produced within a 10 mm-thick quartz radiator plate, to achieve a 15 ps time-of-flight resolution per incident particle. A customised Micro-Channel Plate photomultiplier tube (MCP-PMT) and associated readout system utilises an innovative charge-sharing technique between adjacent pixels to obtain the necessary 70 ps time resolution of each Cherenkov photon. A five-year R\&D programme has been und…
Evaluation of the absolute single-photon detection efficiency of HRPPD
本文首次直接测量了Incom公司HRPPD在398.6纳米波长下的绝对单光子探测效率为17.1%，并评估其量子效率为24.4%，收集效率为70.3%，验证了其在RICH探测器中的适用性。
Efficient and precise Cherenkov-based charged particle timing using SiPMs
本文研究了利用硅光电倍增管阵列与薄切连科夫辐射体结合，实现带电粒子飞行时间测量的高效和精确方法，通过蒙特卡罗模拟和束流测试结果比较，探讨了时间分辨率优化的关键因素。
Cosmic ray muons have been considered as a non-conventional radiation probe in various applications. To utilize cosmic ray muons in engineering applications, two important quantities, trajectory and momentum, must be known. The muon trajectories are easily reconstructed using two-fold detector arrays with a high spatial resolution. However, precise measurement of muon momentum is difficult to be achieved without deploying large and expensive spectrometers such as solenoid magnets. Here, we propose a new method to estimate muon momentum using multi-layer pressurized gas Cherenkov radiators. Thi…
In both particle physics and muon applications, a high-resolution muon momentum measurement capability plays a significant role not only in providing valuable information on the properties of subatomic particles but also in improving the utilizability of cosmic ray muons. Typically, muon momentum is measured by reconstructing a curved muon path using a strong magnetic field and muon trackers. Alternatively, a time-of-flight and Cherenkov ring imager are less frequently applied, especially when there is a need to avoid a magnetic field. However, measurement resolution is much less than that of …
The detection of 200-1000 MeV neutrons requires large amounts, $\sim$100 cm, of detector material because of the long nuclear interaction length of these particles. In the example of the NeuLAND neutron time-of-flight detector at FAIR, this is accomplished by using 3000 monolithic scintillator bars of 270$\times$5$\times$5 cm$^3$ size made of a fast plastic. Each bar is read out on the two long ends, and the needed time resolution of $σ_t$ $<$ 150 ps is reached with fast timing photomultipliers. In the present work, it is investigated whether silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) photosensors can be …
The Accelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment (ANNIE) is a 26-ton Gd-doped water Cherenkov detector installed in the Booster Neutrino Beam at Fermilab. The experiment has two complementary goals: (1) perform the first measurement of the neutron yield from $ν_μ$ interactions as a function of Q$^2$ in order to constrain neutrino-nucleus interaction theoretical models, and (2) demonstrate the power of new fast-timing, position-sensitive detectors by making the first deployment of Large Area Picosecond PhotoDetectors (LAPPDs) in a physics experiment. In Phase I, ANNIE successfully perfor…
Development of an RPC-based gaseous photodetector with picosecond resolution
本文研究了基于RPC的新型气体光电探测器GasPM，旨在抑制电磁 calorimeter 中的束流诱导背景，通过改进时间分辨率和光电效率，为Belle~II实验升级提供支持。
Development of a novel compact and fast SiPM-based RICH detector for the future ALICE 3 PID system at LHC
本文提出了一种新型紧凑快速基于硅光电倍增管的RICH探测器，用于未来LHC ALICE 3 PID系统，通过气凝胶辐射体和透明窗口实现带电粒子的时间飞行测量。
In both particle physics and cosmic ray muon applications, a high-resolution muon momentum measurement capability plays a significant role not only in providing valuable information on the properties of subatomic particles but also in improving the utilizability of muons. Currently, muon momentum is estimated by reconstructing the muon path using a strong magnetic field and muon trackers. Alternatively, time-of-flight or multiple Coulomb scattering techniques are less frequently applied, especially when there is a need to avoid using a magnetic field. However, the measurement resolution is muc…
The TORCH time-of-flight detector will provide particle identification between 2-10 GeV/c momentum over a flight distance of 10 m, and is designed for large-area coverage, up to 30 m^2. A 15 ps time-of-flight resolution per incident particle is anticipated by measuring the arrival times from Cherenkov photons produced in a synthetic fused silica radiator plate of 10 mm thickness. Customised Micro-Channel Plate Photomultiplier Tube (MCP-PMT) photon detectors of 53 x 53 mm^2 active area with a 64 x 64 granularity have been developed with industrial partners. Test-beam studies using both a small-…
We propose a new method for absolute momentum calibration of magnetic spectrometers used in nuclear physics, using the time-of-flight (TOF), differences of pairs of particles with different masses. In cases where the flight path is not known, a calibration can be determined by using the TOF differences of two pair combinations of three particles. A Cherenkov detector, read out by a radio frequency photomultiplier tube, is considered as the high-resolution and highly stable TOF detector. By means of Monte Carlo simulations it is demonstrated that the magnetic spectrometers at the MAMI electron-…
Cosmic ray muons present a large part of the radiation background and depending on the application of interest muons can be seen as background noise, e.g., radiation mapping, radiation protection, dosimetry, or as a useful interrogation probe such as cosmic ray muon tomography. It is worth noting recent developments on muon scattering tomography which has emerged as a prospective noninvasive monitoring method for many applications including spent nuclear fuel cask monitoring and geotomography. However, it is still very challenging to measure muon momentum in the field, despite the apparent ben…
Particle production and identification for the T10 secondary beamline of the CERN East Area
本文通过压力扫描、飞行时间法及双阈值切伦科夫计数器等多种技术，系统测量了 CERN 东区 T10 次级束流线的粒子组成，并结合 2023 与 2025 年数据给出了该束流粒子成分的全面概述。
The TORCH time-of-flight detector is designed to provide particle identification in the momentum range 2-10 GeV/c over large areas. The detector exploits prompt Cherenkov light produced by charged particles traversing a 10 mm thick quartz plate. The photons propagate via total internal reflection and are focused onto a detector plane comprising position-sensitive Micro-Channel Plate Photo-Multiplier Tubes (MCP-PMT) detectors. The goal is to achieve a single-photon timing resolution of 70 ps, giving a timing precision of 15 ps per charged particle by combining the information from around 30 det…
Performance of a prototype TORCH time-of-flight detector
TORCH是一种新型飞行时间探测器，通过石英板产生切伦科夫光子并用MCP-PMT测量，原型测试表明其性能接近设计目标。
The Belle II barrel region is instrumented with the Time of Propagation (TOP) particle identification system based on sixteen fused-silica bars arranged around the interaction point acting as Cherenkov radiator. Due to the mechanical design of the TOP system these quartz bars do not overlap, but leave a gap of around 2cm between them. This leads to around 6% of all tracks in the nominal TOP acceptance region to escape without traversing any of the quartz bars and thus not giving any usable particle identification information from the TOP system and an additional 3% of tracks being degraded due…
The TOP counter and determination of bunch-crossing time at Belle II
本研究针对Belle II实验中TOP粒子鉴别计数器需精确碰撞时间的需求，提出基于最大似然的事件碰撞时间测定方法，并讨论了该计数器的性能。
The potential of photon detectors to achieve precise timing information is of increasing importance in many domains, PET and CT scanners in medical imaging and particle physics detectors, amongst others. The goal to increase by an order of magnitude the sensitivity of PET scanners and to deliver, via time-of-flight (TOF), true space points for each event, as well as the constraints set by future particle accelerators require a further leap in time resolution of scintillator-based ionizing radiation detectors, reaching eventually a few picoseconds resolution for sub MeV energy deposits. In spit…
A SiPM-Based RICH Detector with Timing Capabilities for Isotope Identification
基于SiPM的RICH探测器结合TOF测量，用于空间应用中的同位素识别，具备高时空分辨能力。
GASTOF (Gas Time-of-Flight) detector is a Cherenkov detector proposed for very precise (10--20 ps) arrival time measurements of forward protons at some 420 m from the central detectors of CMS and ATLAS. Such an excellent time resolution will allow by z-by-timing technique for precise measurement of the z-coordinate of the event vertex in exclusive production at the LHC, when two colliding protons are scattered at very small angles. In the paper we present first GASTOF prototype, simulations of its performance as well as first tests using a cosmic muon telescope.
HRPPD photosensors for RICH detectors with a high resolution timing capability
本文介绍为 EIC 重新设计的 DC-HRPPD 光电传感器，其基于 MCP，兼具大有效面积、像素直读、低暗计数和 15–20 ps 单光子计时精度，可增强 RICH 探测器的高分辨率计时能力。
The Time-Of-Propagation detector is a Cherenkov particle identification detector based on quartz radiator bars for the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider. The purpose of the detector is to identify the type of charged hadrons produced in electron-positron collisions, and requires a single photon timing resolution below 100 picoseconds. A novel front-end electronic system was designed, built, and integrated to acquire data from the 8192 microchannel plate photomultiplier tube channels in the detector. Waveform sampling of these analog signals is done by switched-cap…
We present a hybrid Muon Telescope, MuTe, designed and built for imaging active Colombian volcanoes. The MuTe has a resolution of tens of meters, low power consumption, robustness and transportability making it suitable for use in difficult access zones where active volcanoes usually are. The main feature of MuTe is the implementation of a hybrid detection technique combining two scintillation panels for particle tracking and a Water Cherenkov Detector for filtering background sources due to the electromagnetic component of extended air showers and multiple particle events. MuTe incorporates p…
A high sensitivity Cherenkov detector for Prompt Gamma Timing and Time Imaging
本文提出并验证了一种基于切伦科夫的高灵敏度瞬发伽马探测器TIARA，用于粒子治疗实时监测。实验表明，该探测器在有限PG计数下实现了优异的时间分辨率和毫米级质子射程灵敏度，为治疗实时监控提供了概念验证。
The TORCH time-of-flight detector is designed to provide a 15 ps timing resolution for charged particles, resulting in $π$/$K$ particle identification up to 10 GeV/c momentum over a 10 m flight path. Cherenkov photons, produced in a quartz plate of 10 mm thickness, are focused onto an array of micro-channel plate photomultipliers (MCP-PMTs) which measure the photon arrival times and spatial positions. A half-scale ($660\times1250\times10$ mm$^3$) TORCH demonstrator module has been tested in an 8 GeV/c mixed proton-pion beam at CERN. Customised square MCP-PMTs of active area $53\times53$ mm$^2$…
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