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arXiv physics/0503023physics.soc-ph
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大城市中不同地点之间人员流动的比例律

Scaling laws for the movement of people between locations in a large city

Gerardo Chowell, James M. Hyman, Stephen Eubank, Carlos Castillo-Chavez

摘要:

大规模模拟的人在一个“虚拟”城市的运动和他们的分析被用来产生新的见解,了解依赖于人与人之间的相互作用的动态过程。基于这些相互作用的模型可以用于优化交通流量,减缓传染病的传播或预测灾难中手机使用的变化。我们分析了在俄勒冈州波特兰市典型的一天中,在计算机(基于伪代理的)模型中模拟160万人的运动所产生的累积和汇总数据。这个城市被映射到一个图中,其中$181,206$节点表示物理位置,例如建筑物。连接边对节点之间的个人流动进行建模。边权重是根据在位置之间移动的个人的日常流量构建的。离开节点的边的数量(出度),边的权重(出流量),每个位置的边的权重(总出流量)拟合良好的幂律分布。幂律分布也适合基于工作、学校和社交/娱乐活动的子图。由此产生的加权图是一个"小世界“,并具有与底层层次结构一致的缩放律。我们还探讨了最大连通分量的时间演化和分量大小的分布。我们观察到一个很强的线性相关性之间的出度和总出流量分布和显着的聚类水平。我们将讨论如何利用这些网络特征来表征社交网络及其与动态过程的关系。

英文摘要:

Large scale simulations of the movements of people in a ``virtual'' city and their analyses are used to generate new insights into understanding the dynamic processes that depend on the interactions between people. Models, based on these interactions, can be used in optimizing traffic flow, slowing the spread of infectious diseases or predicting the change in cell phone usage in a disaster. We analyzed cumulative and aggregated data generated from the simulated movements of 1.6 million individuals in a computer (pseudo agent-based) model during a typical day in Portland, Oregon. This city is mapped into a graph with $181,206$ nodes representing physical locations such as buildings. Connecting edges model individual's flow between nodes. Edge weights are constructed from the daily traffic of individuals moving between locations. The number of edges leaving a node (out-degree), the edge weights (out-traffic), and the edge-weights per location (total out-traffic) are fitted well by power law distributions. The power law distributions also fit subgraphs based on work, school, and social/recreational activities. The resulting weighted graph is a ``small world'' and has scaling laws consistent with an underlying hierarchical structure. We also explore the time evolution of the largest connected component and the distribution of the component sizes. We observe a strong linear correlation between the out-degree and total out-traffic distributions and significant levels of clustering. We discuss how these network features can be used to characterize social networks and their relationship to dynamic processes.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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