We outline a non-perturbative procedure for calculating the total photoionization cross-section of two-electron atomic systems. The procedure is based on the Floquet-Fourie representation of the solution of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation. The Floquet-Fourie ansatz produces a set of equations which is recast into a generalized eigenvalue problem by means of the complex rotation procedure. With the use of the Hylleraas-type basis functions, the total photoionization cross-sections are obtained within the accuracy of a fraction of a percent. The total photoionization cross-sections for neutral helium are in good agreement with the convergent close-coupling calculations of Kheifets and Bray [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 58}, 4501 (1999)] but deviate notably from the experimental data of Samson {\em et al.} [J. Phys. B {\bf 27} 887 (1994)].
The relations between photoionization cross sections and photon radius are obtained on basis of quantum mechanics and the particle-like properties of a photon. The photoionization cross sections of H atom and H-like ions, He atom and He like ions, alkali metal atoms, and Rydberg atoms are calculated using the relations. The calculation results are found to be good agreement with the known experimental data. The results show that the photoionization cross section is always smaller than the cross section of the photon to ionize the atom or ion and can be expressed as the product of the cross sec…
In a quasiclassical framework, we formulate the quadruple ionization by single photon absorption of the Coulomb five-body problem. We present the quadruple photoionization total cross section of the ground state of Beryllium for energies up to 620 eV. Our quasiclassical results for energies close to threshold are in agreement with the Wannier threshold law for four electron escape. In addition, the agreement of our results with a shape formula provides support for the overall shape of our total quadruple cross section. Finally, we find that the photon energy where the maximum of the total phot…
The photoionization cross-sections of two even-parity excited states, $5d6d ^3D_1$ and $6s7d ^3D_{2}$, of atomic Ba at the ionization-laser wavelength of 556.6 nm were measured. We found that the total cross-section depends on the relative polarization of the atoms and the ionization-laser light. With density-matrix algebra, we show that, in general, there are at most three parameters in the photoionization cross-section. Some of these parameters are determined in this work. We also present the measurement of the radiative lifetime of five even-parity excited states of barium.
We present a combined numerical and theoretical study of atomic photoionization in the time domain. We show how a photoelectron wave packet rapidly changes its shape after being emitted, from a complex multi-peak structure to eventually a relatively simple single-peak structure. This time-domain shape evolution provides information beyond the time-dependent average position of the wave packet, which has been used to retrieve the Wigner time delay. For few-cycle laser pulses, the asymptotic velocity of the photoelectron can be different from long-pulse-based expectations due to non-negligible c…
We report the measurement of the photoionization cross sections of the 5S${}_{1/2}$ and 5P${}_{3/2}$ states of ${}^{87}$Rb in a two-species Hg and Rb magneto-optical trap (MOT) by the cooling laser for Hg. The photoionization cross sections of Rb in the 5S${}_{1/2}$ and 5P${}_{3/2}$ states at 253.7~nm are determined to be $1^{+4.3}_{-1}\times10^{-20}~\text{cm}^2$ and $4.63(30)\times 10^{-18}\text{cm}^2$, respectively. To measure the 5S${}_{1/2}$ and 5P${}_{3/2}$ states fractions in the MOT we detected photoionization rate of the 5P${}_{3/2}$ state by an additional 401.5~nm laser. The photoioni…
Photoionization of an atom $A$ by a strong laser field in the presence of a spatially well-separated neighboring atom $B$ is considered. The laser field frequency is assumed to lie below the ionization potential of atom $A$ and be resonant with a dipole-allowed transition in atom $B$. In this situation, the ionization may occur either directly by multiphoton absorption from the laser field at the first atomic center. Or via an indirect pathway involving two-center electron-electron correlations, where the neighbor atom $B$ is first photoexcited and, afterwards, transfers its energy upon deexci…
We describe a method for the calculation of photoionization cross-sections using square-integrable amplitudes obtained from the diagonalization of finite-basis set representations of the electronic Hamiltonian. Three examples are considered: a model example in which the final state is a free particle, the hydrogen atom and neutral atomic sodium. The method exploits the Whittaker-Shannon-Kotel'nikov sampling theorem, which is widely used in digital signal sampling and reconstruction. The approach reproduces known data with very good accuracy and converges to the exact solution with increase of …
An additional channel opens for photoionization of atom $A$ by an electromagnetic field if it traverses a gas of atoms $B$ resonantly coupled to this field. We show that this channel, in which $A$ is ionized via resonant photoexcitation of $B$ with subsequent energy transfer to $A$ through two-center electron correlations and which is very efficient when $A$ and $B$ constitute a bound system, can strongly dominate the ionization of $A$ also in collisions where the average distance between $A$ and $B$ exceeds the typical size of a bound system by orders of magnitude.
It is demonstrated by the example of the Xe atom stuffed inside the C60 fullerene, that the so-called confinement resonances in 4d subshell strongly affect the photoionization cross-section of outer 5p and subvalent 5s electrons near 4d ionization threshold. It is a surprise that these narrow inner 4d shell resonances are not smeared out in the outer shell photoionization cross-section. On the contrary; the inner shell resonances affect the outer cross-section by enhancing them enormously. Close to its own photoionization thresholds, 5p and 5s photoionization cross-sections of Xe endohedral ar…
Using the eigenchannel R-matrix method we calculate partial photoionization cross sections from the ground state of the helium atom for incident photon energies up to the N=9 manifold. The wide energy range covered by our calculations permits a thorough investigation of general patterns in the cross sections which were first discussed by Menzel and co-workers [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 54}, 2080 (1996)]. The existence of these patterns can easily be understood in terms of propensity rules for autoionization. As the photon energy is increased the regular patterns are locally interrupted by perturber st…
Many applications are in need of accurate photoionization cross-sections, especially in the case of complex atoms. Configuration-interaction relativistic many-body perturbation theory (CI-RMBPT) that has been successful in predicting atomic energies, matrix elements between discrete states, and other properties is quite promising, but it has not been applied to photo-ionization problems owing to extra complications arising from continuum states. In this paper a method that will allow the conversion of discrete CI-(R)MPBT oscillator strengths (OS) to photo-ionization cross sections with minimal…
The photoionization of the four-electron beryllium-like isoelectronic series from the neutral to Fe^{+22} has been studied for ground ^1S and metastable ^3P initial states. The wave functions of the final-state (target) ions were built using the CIV3 code. Both nonrelativistic LS-coupling R-matrix and relativistic Breit-Pauli (BP) R-matrix methods were used to calculate the cross sections in the photon-energy range between the first ionization threshold and the 1s^2 4f_{7/2} threshold for each ion. Our total cross sections compare well with experiment which is available for Be, B^+, C^{+2}, N^…
Modifications of photoionization arising from resonant electron-electron correlations between neighbouring atoms in an atomic sample are studied. The sample contains atomic species A and B, with the ionization potential of A being smaller than the energy of a dipole-allowed transition in B. The atoms are subject to an external radiation field which is near-resonant with the dipole transition in B. Photoionization of an atom A may thus proceed via a two-step mechanism: photoexcitation in the subsystem of species B, followed by interatomic Coulombic decay. As a basic atomic configuration, we inv…
Partial photoionization cross sections from the ^1S ground and the ^3P metastable states of the Be isoelectronic series to different final states including a number of satellite (ionization plus excitation) channels are studied using the R-matrix method. As expected, the ratio of each satellite partial cross section to the dominant partial cross section is found to be a monotonic decreasing function of Z for both the ground and the metastable states. The complicated patterns of these ratios as functions of photon energy are analyzed.
A theoretical investigation of photoabsorption and photoionization of Fe^{14+} extending beyond an earlier frame transformation R-matrix implementation is performed using a fully-correlated, Breit-Pauli R-matrix formulation including both fine-structure splitting of strongly-bound resonances and radiation damping. The radiation damping of $2p\rightarrow nd$ resonances gives rise to a resonant photoionization cross section that is significantly lower than the total photoabsorption cross section. Furthermore, the radiation-damped photoionization cross section is found to be in good agreement wit…
We present a robust, ab initio method for addressing atom-light interactions and apply it to photoionization of argon. We use a close-coupling ansatz constructed on a multi-configurational Hartree-Fock description of localized states and B-spline expansions of the electron radial wave functions. In this implementation, the general many-electron problem can be tackled thanks to the use of the ATSP2K libraries [CPC 176 (2007) 559]. In the present contribution, we combine this method with exterior complex scaling, thereby allowing for the computation of the complex partial amplitudes that encode …
Photoionization of the I$^+$ ion in the energy range of the 4d giant resonance has been studied using our recently developed random-phase approximation with exchange (RPAE) method. Photoionization cross sections for the I$^+$ $4d-εf, εp$, $5s-εp$, $5p-εs ,εd$ have been obtained for each term of the ground state. Calculations include all the intra-shell and inter-shell coupling among the 4d, $5s$, and $5p$ subshells. Our maximum cross section for the I$^+$ 4d giant resonance, 23.12 MB at 90.24 eV agrees excellently with the recent measurement, 23(3) at 90 eV.
We have considered the processes of excitation and ionization of light multicharged ions by impact of high-energy particles, which proceed with participation of the $ns$ electrons. The screening corrections to the energy levels and photoionization cross sections are evaluated analytically within the framework of the non-relativistic perturbation theory with respect to the electron-electron interaction. The universal scalings for the excitation and ionization cross sections are studied for arbitrary principal quantum numbers $n$.
Photoionization cross sections, photoelectron angular-asymmetry parameters and photoionization time delays for $A$@C$_{60}$ endohedral atoms are studied with account for both the individual and combined effects of dipole static polarization (DSP) of C$_{60}$ by the outgoing photoelectron, interior static polarization (ISP) of C$_{60}$ by the ion-remainder, $A^{+}$, and atomic-core relaxation of the encapsulated atom upon its ionization. It is unraveled that the DSP effect is weak; it changes the phase of confinement-resonant oscillations in $σ_{n\ell}$, $β_{n\ell}$ and $τ_{n\ell}$ without gene…
High resolution measurements of photoionization cross sections for atomic ions are now being made on synchrotron radiation sources. The recent measurements by Kjeldsen etal. (1999) showed good agreement between the observed resonance features and the the theoretical calculations in the close coupling approximation (Nahar 1995). However, there were several observed resonances that were missing in the theoretical predictions. The earlier theoretical calculation was carried out in LS coupling where the relativistic effects were not included. Present work reports photoionization cross sections inc…
Single photoionization cross sections for Kr-like Rb$^+$ ions are reported in the energy (wavelength) range 22 eV (564 Å) to 46 eV (270 Å). Theoretical cross section calculations for this {\it trans}-Fe element are compared with measurements from the ASTRID radiation facility in Aarhus, Denmark and the dual laser plasma (DLP) technique, at respectively 40 meV and 35 meV FWHM energy resolution. In the photon energy region 22 - 32 eV the spectrum is dominated by excitation autoionizing resonance states. Above 32 eV the cross section exhibit classic Fano window resonances features, which are anal…
The photon-ion merged-beams technique has been employed at the new Photon-Ion spectrometer at PETRA III (PIPE) for measuring multiple photoionization of Xe$^{q+}$ (q=1-5) ions. Total ionization cross sections have been obtained on an absolute scale for the dominant ionization reactions of the type hν+ Xe$^{q+}$ $\to$ Xe$^{r+}$ + (q-r) e$^-$ with product charge states q+2 $\le$ r $\le$ q+5. Prominent ionization features are observed in the photon-energy range 650-750 eV, which are associated with excitation or ionization of an inner-shell 3d electron. Single-configuration Dirac-Fock calculation…
Using $He@C_{60}$ as an example, we demonstrate that static potential of the fullerene core essentially alters the cross section of the two-electron ionization differential in one-electron energy $dσ^{++}(ω)/dε$. We found that at high photon energy prominent oscillations appear in it due to reflection of the second, slow electron wave on the $% C_{60}$ shell, which "dies out" at relatively high $ε$ values, of about 2$÷$3 two-electron ionization potentials. The results were presented for ratios $R_{C_{60}}(ω,ε)\equiv dσ^{++}(ω,ε)/dσ^{a++}(ω,ε)$, where $dσ^{a++}(ω,ε)/dε$ is the two-electron diff…
We show that the theoretical predictions on high energy behavior of the photoionization cross section of fullerenes depends crucially on the form of the function $V(r)$ which approximates the fullerene field. The shape of the high energy cross section is obtained without solving of the wave equation. The cross section energy dependence is determined by the analytical properties of the function $V(r)$.
A methodology is developed to compute photoionization cross-sections beyond the electric dipole (BED) approximation from response theory, using Gaussian type orbitals and plane waves for the initial and final states, respectively. The methodology is applied to compute photoionization cross-sections of atoms and ions from the first four rows of the Periodic Table. Analysing the error due to the plane wave description of the photoelectron, we find kinetic energy and concomitant photon energy thresholds above which the plane wave approximation becomes applicable. The correction introduced by goin…
We review recent work on the photoionization of atomic ions of astrophysical interest that has been carried out at the photon-ion merged-beams setup PIPE, a permanently installed end station at the XUV beamline P04 of the PETRAIII synchrotron radiation source operated by DESY in Hamburg, Germany. Our results on single and multiple L-shell photoionization of Fe+, Fe2+, and Fe3+ ions and on single and multiple K-shell photoionization of C-, C+, C4+, Ne+, and Si2+ ions are discussed in astrophysical contexts. Moreover, these experimental results bear witness of the fact, that the implementation o…
We discuss the results of the calculation of the photoionization with de-excitation of excited He and helium-like ions Li$^{+}$ and B$^{3+}$ at high but non-relativistic photon energies $ω$. Several lower $^{1}S$ and $^{3}S$ states are considered. We present and analyze the ratios $R_{d}^{+\ast}$ of the cross sections of photoionization with de-excitation, $σ_{(d)}^{+\ast}(ω)$, and of the photo-ionization with excitation, $σ^{+\ast}(ω)$. The dependence of $R_{d}^{+\ast}$ on the excitation of the target object and the charge of its nucleus is presented. Apart to theoretical interest, results ob…
The cross section for single K-shell ionization by a high-energy photon is evaluated in the next-to-leading order of the nonrelativistic perturbation theory with respect to the electron-electron interaction. The screening corrections are of particular importance for light helium-like ions. Even in the case of neutral He atom, our analytical predictions turn out to be in good agreement with the numerical calculations performed with the use of the sophisticated wave functions. The universal high-energy behavior is studied for the ratio of double-to-single photoionization cross sections. We also …
Fully relativistic calculations are presented for the double $K$-shell photoionization cross section for several neutral medium-$Z$ atoms, from magnesium ($Z = 10$) up to silver ($Z = 47$). The calculations take into account all multipoles of the absorbed photon as well as the retardation of the electron-electron interaction. The approach is based on the partial-wave representation of the Dirac continuum states and uses the Green-function technique to represent the full Dirac spectrum of intermediate states. The method is strictly gauge invariant, which is used as an independent cross check of…
Experimental and theoretical cross sections are reported for single-photon single ionization of W$^{5+}$ ions. Absolute measurements were conducted employing the photon-ion merged-beams technique. Detailed photon-energy scans were performed at (67$\pm$10)~meV resolution in the 20 -- 160 eV range. In contrast to photoionization of tungsten ions in lower charge states, the cross section is dominated by narrow, densely-spaced resonances. Theoretical results were obtained from a Dirac-Coulomb R-matrix approach employing a basis set of 457 levels providing cross sections for photoionization of W$^{…
We analyze the time delay between emission of photoelectrons from the outer valence $ns$ and $np$ sub-shells in noble gas atoms following absorption of an attosecond XUV pulse. By solving the time dependent Schrödinger equation and carefully examining the time evolution of the photoelectron wave packet, we establish the apparent "time zero" when the photoelectron leaves the atom. Various processes such as elastic scattering of the photoelectron on the parent ion and many-electron correlation affect the quantum phase of the dipole transition matrix element, the energy dependence of which define…
It is shown in the framework of the fully relativistic Dirac-Fock treatment of photoionization and radiative recombination processes that taking into account all significant multipoles of the radiative field is of considerable importance at electron energy higher than several keV. For the first time, we show that the relativistic Maxwell-Bolzmann distribution of continuum electrons should be used in hot thermal plasmas. This decreases the radiative recombination rate coefficient up to several multipoles compared to the non-relativistic distribution commonly used.
We continue our studies of the high energy nonrelativistic asymptotics for the photoionization cross section of the systems bound by a central field $V(r)$. We consider the bound states with the orbital momentum $\ell=1$. We show, that as well as for the $s$ states the asymptotics can be obtained without solving of the wave equations for the bound and outgoing electrons. The asymptotics of the cross sections is expressed in terms of the asymptotics of the Fourier transform $V(p)$ of the field and its derivative $V'(p)$ by employing the Lippmann--Schwinger equation. The shape of the energy depe…
Triple photoionization of Xe3+, Xe4+ and Xe5+ ions has been studied in the energy range 670-750 eV, including the 3d ionization threshold. The photon-ion merged-beam technique was used at a synchrotron light source to measure the absolute photoionization cross sections. These cross sections exhibit a progressively larger number of sharp resonances as the ion charge state is increased. This clearly visualizes the re-ordering of the $ε$f continuum into a regular series of (bound) Rydberg orbitals as the ionic core becomes more attractive. The energies and strengths of the resonances are extracte…
Experimental and theoretical results are reported for single-photon single ionization of the tungsten ion W$^{4+}$. Absolute cross sections have been measured employing the photon-ion merged-beams setup at the Advanced Light Source in Berkeley. Detailed photon-energy scans were performed at 200~meV bandwidth in the 40 -- 105~eV range. Theoretical results have been obtained from a Dirac-Coulomb R-matrix approach employing basis sets of 730 levels for the photoionization of W$^{4+}$. Calculations were carried out for the $4f^{14}5s^2 5p^6 5d^2 \; {^3}{\rm F}_{J}$, $J$=2, ground level and the ass…
Trends in resonances, termed confinement resonances, in photoionization of atoms A in endohedral fullerene anions A@C60^{z-} are theoretically studied and exemplified by the photoionization of Ne in Ne@C{60}^{z-}. Remarkably, above a particular nl ionization threshold of Ne in neutral Ne@C60 (I_{nl}^{z=0}), confinement resonances in corresponding partial photoionization cross sections sigma_{nl} of Ne in any charged Ne@C60^{z-} remain almost intact by a charge z on the carbon cage, as a general phenomenon. At lower photon energies, omega < I_{nl}^{z=0}, the corresponding photoionization cross …
Measurements of the single photoionization cross section of Cu-like Zn$^+$ ions are reported in the energy (wavelength) range 17.5 eV (709 Å) to 90 eV (138 Å). The measurements on this {\it trans}-Fe element were performed at the Advanced Light Source synchrotron radiation facility in Berkeley, California at a photon energy resolution of 17 meV using the photon-ion merged-beams end-station. Below 30 eV the spectrum is dominated by excitation autoionizing resonance states. The experimental results are compared with large-scale photoionization cross-section calculations performed using a Dirac-C…
We use double-resonant two-photon laser spectroscopy to measure the dynamic scalar polarizability of the rubidium 5$D_{3/2}$ level, $α^{S}_{5D_{3/2}}$, at a wavelength of $λ=1064$~nm. Since $λ$ is shorter than the photoionization (PI) limit of the Rb 5$D_{3/2}$ level, $α^{S}_{5D_{3/2}}$ depends on both bound-bound and bound-free transition matrix elements. The level also undergoes significant broadening due to PI. The $1064$-nm field is applied in the form of a deep optical lattice ($\sim10^{5}$~photon recoils) generated by an in-vacuum field-enhancement cavity. In our spectroscopic method, we…
Absolute photoionization cross-section measurements are reported for Se+ in the photon energy range 18.0-31.0 eV, which spans the ionization thresholds of the 4S_{3/2} ground state and the low-lying 2P_{3/2,1/2} and 2D_{5/2,3/2} metastable states. The measurements were performed using the Advanced Light Source synchrotron radiation facility. Strong photoexcitation-autoionization resonances due to 4p-->nd transitions are seen in the cross-section spectrum and identified with a quantum-defect analysis.
We discuss the complicated resonance structure of the endohedral atom photoionization cross section. Very strong enhancement and interference patterns in the photoionization cross-section of the valent and subvalent subshells of noble gas endohedral atoms A@C60 are demonstrated. It is shown also that the atomic Giant resonance can be either completely destroyed or remains almost untouched depending on the velocity of photoelectrons that are emitted in the resonance's decay process. These effects are results of dynamic modification of the incoming beam of radiation due to polarization of the fu…
Photoionization cross sections calculations on the halogen-like ions; Kr$^+$ and Xe$^+$ have been performed for a photon energy range from each ion threshold to 15 eV, using large-scale close-coupling calculations within the Dirac-Coulomb R-matrix approximation. The results from our theoretical work are compared with recent measurements made at the ASTRID merged-beam set-up at the University of Aarhus in Denmark and from the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) trap method at the SOLEIL synchrotron radiation facility in Saint-Aubin, France and the Advanced Light Soure (ALS). For …
We have studied the role of virtual excitations of inner shells upon outer shell photoionization. The calculations were performed in the frames of the Random Phase Approximation and its generalized version GRPAE that take into account variation of the atomic field due to electron elimination and the inner vacancies decay. We employ both analytic approximation and numeric computations. The results are presented for 3p electrons in Ar and 4d-electrons in Pd near inner shells thresholds. The effect proved to be noticeable.
We consider photoionization of a system bound by the central potential $V(r)$. We demonstrate that the high energy nonrelativistic asymptotics of the photoionization cross section can be obtained without solving the wave equation. The asymptotics can be expressed in terms of the Fourier transform of the potential by employing the Lippmann--Schwinger equation. We find the asymptotics for the screened Coulomb field. We demonstrate that the leading corrections to this asymptotics are described by the universal factor. The high energy nonrelativistic asymptotics is found to be determined by the an…
Measurements of absolute cross sections for the {\it K}-shell photoionization of B-like atomic nitrogen ions were carried out utilizing the ion-photon merged-beam technique at the SOLEIL synchrotron radiation facility in Saint-Aubin, France. High-resolution spectroscopy with E/$Δ$E $\approx$ 13,500 was the maximum resolution achieved. We have investigated two photon energy regions: 404 eV -- 409 eV and 439 eV -- 442 eV. Resonance peaks found in the experimental measured cross sections are compared with theoretical estimates from the multi-configuration Dirac - Fock, R-matrix and empirical meth…
We offer a theoretical and experimental study of the single-photon photoionization of Ne III. The high photon flux and the high-resolution capabilities of the Advanced Light Source at the LBNL were employed to measure absolute photoionization cross sections. The resulting spectrum has been benchmarked against high accuracy relativistic Breit-Pauli $R$-matrix calculations. A large close-coupling wave function expansion which comprises up to 58 fine-structure levels of the residual ion Ne IV of configurations $2s^22p^3$, $2s2p^4$, $2p^5$, $2s^22p^23s$, $2s^22p^23p$ and $2s^22p^23d$ was included.…
Absolute cross sections for the K-shell photoionization of C-like nitrogen ions were measured by employing the ion-photon merged-beam technique at the SOLEIL synchrotron radiation facility in Saint-Aubin, France. High-resolution spectroscopy with E/$Δ$E $\approx$ 7,000 was achieved with the photon energy from 388 to 430 eV scanned with a band pass of 300 meV, and the 399.4 to 402 eV range with 60 meV. Experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions made from the multi-configuration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) and R-matrix methods. The interplay between experiment and theory enabled the id…
In open-shell atoms and ions, processes such as photoionization, combination (Raman) scattering, electron scattering and recombination, are often mediated by many-electron compound resonances. We show that their interference (neglected in the independent-resonance approximation) leads to a coherent contribution, which determines the energy-averaged total cross sections of electron- and photon-induced reactions obtained using the optical theorem. In contrast, the partial cross sections (e.g., electron recombination, or photon Raman scattering) are dominated by the stochastic contributions. Thus…
We demonstrate serious misrepresentation of existing experimental data and important omissions in the List of references in the paper [1]. We demonstrate that what is called in [1] total photoionization cross-section is in fact a partial photoionization cross-section. We demonstrate that long before [1] and presented there experimental data for photoionization of Xe@C60+ were obtained, a theoretical prediction for Xe@C60 have been published that was in a reasonable agreement with experiment. These data are even not mentioned in [1].
We demonstrate the prominent modification of the outer shell photoionization cross-section in noble gas (NG) endohedral atoms NG@F under the action of the fullerene F electron shell. This shell leads to two important effects, namely to strong enhancement of the cross-section due to fullerenes shell polarization under the action of the incoming electromagnetic wave and to prominent oscillation of this cross-section due to the reflection of the photoelectron from NG by the F shell. All but He noble gas atoms are considered. The polarization of the fullerene shell is expressed via the total photo…
Results from large-scale theoretical cross section calculations for the total photoionization of the 4f, 5s, 5p and 6s orbitals of the neutral tungsten atom using the Dirac Coulomb R-matrix approximation (DARC: Dirac-Atomic R-matrix codes) are presented. Comparisons are made with previous theoretical methods and prior experimental measurements. In previous experiments a time-resolved dual laser approach was employed for the photo-absorption of metal vapours and photo-absorption measurements on tungsten in a solid, using synchrotron radiation. The lowest ground state level of neutral tungsten i…
A fully relativistic calculation of the double photoionization of helium-like atoms is presented. The approach is based on the partial-wave representation of the Dirac continuum states and accounts for the retardation in the electron-electron interaction as well as the higher-order multipoles of the absorbed photon. The electron-electron interaction is taken into account to the leading order of perturbation theory. The relativistic effects are shown to become prominent already for the medium-Z ions, changing the shape and the asymptotic behaviour of the photon energy dependence of the ratio of…
The absolute single photoionization cross-section was measured for Cl-like K$^{2+}$ over the photon energy range from 44.2 - 69.7 eV at a constant energy resolution of 0.045 eV. The experiments were performed by merging an ion beam with a beam of synchrotron radiation from an undulator. The ground-state ionization threshold was measured at 0.004 eV energy resolution to be 45.717 $\pm$ 0.030 eV. The measurements are rich in resonance structure due to multiple Rydberg series of transitions to autoionizing states. These series are assigned spectroscopically using the quantum defect method, guided…
We develop a novel technique for modeling of atomic and molecular ionization in superposition of XUV and IR fields with characteristics typical for attosecond streaking and RABBITT experiments. The method is based on solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in the coordinate frame expanding along with the photoelectron wave packet. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated by calculating angular anisotropy of photoemission time delay of the H$_2^+$ ion in a field configuration of recent RABBITT experiments.
In a joint experimental and theoretical endeavour, photoionization of metastable C4+(1s 2s 3S1) ions via intermediate levels with hollow, double-K-vacancy configurations 2s2p, 2s3p, 2p3s, 2p3d, 2s4p, 2p4s and 2p4d has been investigated. High-resolution photon-ion merged-beams measurements were carried out with the resolving power reaching up to 25,000 which is sufficient to separate the leading fine-structure components of the 2s2p 3P term. Many-body perturbation theory was employed to determine level-to-level cross sections for K-shell excitation with subsequent autoionization. The resonance …
Photoionization cross section of the fullerene ion C60+ has been calculated within a single-electron approximation and also by using a consistent many-body theory accounting for many-electron correlations.
