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arXiv physics/0106069physics.geo-phcond-mat.mtrl-sci
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Karymsky火山喷发的模拟

Modeling eruptions of Karymsky volcano

A. Ozerov, I. Ispolatov, J. Lees

摘要:

提出了一个模型来解释在一类周期性爆发的Strombolian型火山活动的时间模式。这些模式包括每10-30分钟发生一次的重大事件(爆炸)和随后的典型周期为1秒的震颤。这两个周期的活动被认为是由两个不同的机制,积累的弹性能量在移动的岩浆柱:岩浆的压缩性在较低的管道和粘弹性响应的几乎固体的岩浆塞在顶部。当沿着管道壁的边界层中发生粘滑动态相变时,发生弹性能量的释放;该相变由边界层中累积的剪切应力驱动。这种相变的一阶特征和固有滞后解释了爆炸循环中长时间的不活动。该模型的时间特性被发现是在堪察加半岛Karymsky火山记录的声学和地震信号的定性相似。

英文摘要:

A model is proposed to explain temporal patterns of activity in a class of periodically exploding Strombolian-type volcanos. These patterns include major events (explosions) which follow each other every 10-30 minutes and subsequent tremor with a typical period of 1 second. This two-periodic activity is thought to be caused by two distinct mechanisms of accumulation of the elastic energy in the moving magma column: compressibility of the magma in the lower conduit and viscoelastic response of the almost solid magma plug on the top. A release of the elastic energy happens when a stick-slip dynamic phase transition in a boundary layer along the walls of the conduit occurs; this phase transition is driven by the shear stress accumulated in the boundary layer. The first-order character and intrinsic hysteresis of this phase transition explains the long periods of inactivity in the explosion cycle. Temporal characteristics of the model are found to be qualitatively similar to the acoustic and seismic signals recorded at Karymsky volcano in Kamchatka.

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