火山喷发的固液相变机制
Solid-Liquid Phase Transition As a Mechanism of Volcano Eruption
摘要：
本文认为岩浆火山房的形成和喷发是由于地壳内部物质在构造运动中发生塑性形变而受热熔融所致。岩浆房中物质在加热过程中发生膨胀，导致岩浆房周围的固体壳层产生弹性应力。这种应力的弹性能可以高达10^17 J/1 km 3熔体。根据已有资料估算了岩浆流动速率，与观测资料吻合较好。讨论了岩浆房产生低频振动的机制。这种振动是由于在喷发稳定阶段熔融过程中形成的过剩弹性能引起的。建议的辐射理论允许评估的岩浆房的大小，根据可以测量的参数。所获得的岩浆房大小的理论评价得到了现有观测数据的支持。
英文摘要：
This paper considers the formation of the magma volcano chamber and its eruption due to melting of the matter within the earth crust because of heating caused by plastic deformation occurring during tectonic movement. The expansion of matter in the magma chamber which takes place during its heating, leads to elastic stresses in the solid shell surrounding the magma chamber. The elastic energy of such stresses can be as high as 10^17 J per 1 km3 of the melt. The magma flow rate has been assessed according to available data, which agrees well with the observation data. The mechanism of low-frequency vibrations produced by the magma chamber is discussed. The vibrations result from the excess elastic energy formed during melting at the eruption steady stage. The suggested radiation theory allows evaluating the size of the magma chamber according to parameters that can be measured. The obtained theoretical evaluation of the magma chamber size is supported by the available observation data.
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